博士后的学术职业流向及其内隐影响路径  

Academic Career Mobility Tendencies and Implicit Influence Pathways of Postdoctoral Researchers

作　　者：陈纯槿 CHEN CHunjin(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第13期107-116,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：全国教育科学“十四五”规划项目“公共教育投资缓解乡村相对贫困的内在机理与作用路径研究”(BFA210070)的部分成果。

摘　　要：随着国内学术劳动力市场供需结构不平衡加剧,博士后的学术生存与发展困境日渐显现,因其感知未来职业前景黯淡继而从学术部门溢出的现象值得学术界高度关注。基于全球博士后项目中国微观调查数据,旨在考察博士后的学术职业流向及其内隐影响路径。研究发现,工资薪酬、工作与生活平衡及科研支持满意度在博士后职业期望与流动倾向之间均起到显著的部分中介作用;且相较于工资薪酬,工作保障满意度起到更大的完全中介作用。分样本异质性检验表明,女性博士后的流动倾向受工作与生活平衡的影响更为强烈;相较于项目博士后,师资博士后群体中工作保障满意度的中介效应更低。上述发现表明减少博士后人员流失的关键在于厚植高层次人才培养与终身发展的组织支持体系,扭转博士后管理中“重使用,轻培养”倾向;完善博士后“非升即走”制度,营造更加多元和包容的学术文化氛围;纾解博士后过载的心理负荷和压力知觉,为稳步推进博士后创新驱动发展创设共建共融的学术场域和制度空间。With the intensification of the imbalance in the supply and demand structure of the domestic academic labor market,the predicament of academic survival and development for postdoctoral researchers is increasingly evident.The phenomenon of overflow from academic institutions due to the perception of bleak career prospects deserves high attention from the academic community.Using the micro-level survey data of global postdoctoral programs in China,this study aims to examine the implicit career pathways of postdoctoral researchers.The research found that salary,work-life balance,and research support satisfaction all play a significant partial mediating role between postdoctoral career expectations and mobility tendency.Compared to salary,job security satisfaction has a larger mediating effect.Sample heterogeneity tests show that the mobility tendency of female postdoctoral researchers is more strongly influenced by work-life balance.Compared to project-based postdoctoral researchers,the mediating effect of job security satisfaction is lower among faculty-based postdoctoral researchers.These findings indicate that reducing the loss of postdoctoral personnel is crucial to cultivating a supportive organizational system for the training and lifelong development of high-level talents,reversing the tendency of"emphasizing utilization over cultivation"in postdoctoral management,improving the"promotion or departure"system for postdoctoral researchers,creating a more diverse and inclusive academic culture,and establishing a co-constructive academic climate and institutional space to promote innovative-driven development among postdoctoral researchers.

关 键 词：博士后 学术职业 职业流向 影响路径 多重中介效应 

分 类 号：G644.8[文化科学—高等教育学] G647.38[文化科学—教育学]