观点采择对刻板化的影响:自我-刻板印象的双重路径  

The Influence of Perspective Taking on Stereotyping:The Perspective of Self-Stereotype Dual Model

作　　者：孙山 SUN Shan

机构地区：[1]湖北大学心理学系

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2023年第1期189-210,246,247,共24页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC190021);国家社会科学基金项目(21CSH047);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA331)的资助。

摘　　要：观点采择能够减少人们的刻板化水平吗?不同研究对这一问题给出了矛盾的回答。有的研究发现观点采择能够有效地减少刻板化,并且还可能降低对外群体成员的消极评价。但是也有研究认为在特定条件下观点采择可能会提升刻板化水平,恶化群际关系。本文通过三个研究考察在观点采择影响刻板化的过程中,自我信息和刻板印象在其中发挥的作用。结果显示当观点采择的对象与刻板印象一致时,刻板印象易得性提升,进而导致刻板化水平提升;当对象表现出反刻板印象信息时,观点采择导致自我-他人重合的增加,进而降低个体的刻板化水平。在观点采择的过程中,自我和刻板印象都有可能作为信息资源供观点采择者使用。在不同的条件下,人们会使用不同的信息资源,或者更侧重于某一信息资源,使得观点采择有时会降低刻板化水平,但有时又起到增强的作用。Does perspective-taking increase or decrease stereotyping?The inconsistent results raise concerns about the robustness of the perspective-taking phenomenon.Previous research has demonstrated that taking the perspective of an outgroup member is an effective strategy to reduce stereotyping.Nevertheless,a growing body of research suggests that perspective-taking has increased stereoty-ping toward certain groups.Self and stereotype are the two basic templates on which people relied to perceive the mental state of others.In the present study,we hypothesized and found that the effect of perspective-taking on stereotyping depends on the target of perspective-taking consistent with group stereotypes or the counter-stereotype salience.Results indicated that self-other overlap and stereotype accessibility mediated the relationship between perspective-taking and stereotyping.Specifically,participants who took the perspective of an outgroup member who was counter stereotypic were less likely to engage in stereotyping mediated by self-other overlap.However,when participants who took the perspective of a stereotype-consistent outgroup member,perspective-taking increases stereotype accessibility,which then increases stereotyping.

关 键 词：观点采择 性别刻板印象 自我 刻板印象易得性 反刻板印象 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]