论屈复与清代秦声  

On Qu Fu and Qin Opera in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张世民[1] ZHANG Shimin(Shaanxi Provincial Local Chronicles Office,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方志办公室,西安710000

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2023年第8期65-72,共8页Journal of Weinan Normal University

摘　　要：屈复是清初诗人,清代秦声的奠基人。屈复的一生,堪称是诗学的一生。历来涉及屈复的评价,大抵有三种类型:一种是贬抑论者,一种是褒赞论者,还有一种是褒贬互见论者。钱钟书早年在《容安馆札记》中,完全沿袭清代诗人沈德潜、袁枚的观点,故不乏微词,晚年则将李因笃、屈复视作清代秦声的奠基人,给予新的评价。就诗学源流而言,屈复所倡导的“寄托说”,作为清代早期诗人典型的诗学观点,构成了清代秦声的特色内涵;就诗歌题材而言,屈复坚持独立的不合作立场,撰写大量有所寄怀的诗歌,其寄托方式精微而多样;就诗家情怀而言,屈复放弃科举,虽不能擢发于当代,却不失为非遗民的“遗民”诗人;就诗学话语而言,屈复诗风被界定为“豪而俚”,自有其语言根底和话语特征;就诗学批评而言,屈复从对《诗经》《楚辞》《乐府》《唐诗》等等的专题研究中,提炼一己的诗法、诗意和诗学观念,同时又从《明四家诗选》《王渔洋诗选》等著述中,寻觅到一种近世的诗性参照;就诗学影响而言,屈复倡导的豪放而激昂的诗风,也影响到清代以降至民国时期关陇诗人的诗作风格。Qu Fu was a poet in the early Qing dynasty and the founder of Qin Opera in the Qing dynasty.The life of Qufu can be called the life of poetics.There are about three types of appraisals,namely,derogatory,commendatory,and neutral.In Qian Zhongshu’s early years,comments on Qu Fu in Qian’s book“Reading Notes on Rong Anguan”were a little derogatory based on the views of the Qing poets Shen Deqian and Yuan Mei.While in his later years,Qian’s new comments on Li Yindu and Qu Fu were they were the founders of the Qin Opera in the Qing dynasty.As far as the origin and development of poetics is concerned,the“spiritual sustenance theory”advocated by Qu Fu,as a typical poetic viewpoint of the early Qing dynasty poets,constitutes the characteristic connotation of Qin Opera in the Qing dynasty.Qu Fu insisted on the independent and non-cooperative position,and wrote a large number of poems with feelings,which had subtle and varied ways of reposing.As far as poetic discourse is concerned,Qu Fu’s poetic style is defined as“bold and vulgar”,which has its own language foundation and discourse features,Qu fu refined his own poetic method,poetic flavor and poetic concept in his monographic studies of Book of Songs,Chuci,Yuefu,Tang Poems,etc.,and at the same time,we can find a kind of poetic reference in modern times from the works such as The Selected Poems of the Four Schools of Ming Dynasty and The Selected Poems of Wang Yuyang.It also influenced the poetic style from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China.

关 键 词：屈复 清代秦声 诗学批评 寄托说 弱水集 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]