考虑弹性振动的城市轨道车辆频变吸振器减振方法  

Vibration reduction method for urban rail vehicles considering elastic vibration using frequency varying vibration absorbers

作　　者：文永蓬 徐硕[2,3] 董昊亮 WEN Yongpeng;XU Shuo;DONG Haoliang(State Key Lab of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;College of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Vibration and Noise Control Technology in Railway Transportation,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031 [2]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620 [3]上海市轨道交通振动与噪声控制技术工程研究中心,上海201620

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第17期35-42,113,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室开放课题(TPL2103);国家自然科学基金项目(11472176);上海市自然科学基金项目(15ZR1419200)。

摘　　要：车体轻量化设计是城市轨道车辆技术发展趋势,然而轻量化后的车体可能会引起车辆的弹性振动加剧,导致运行过程中车辆平稳性和乘坐舒适性下降问题。为了有效抑制城市轨道车辆弹性车体的垂向振动、提高车辆乘坐舒适性,利用变刚度机构的系统频率呈非线性变化的特点,建立包含频变吸振器的城市轨道车辆弹性车体垂向动力学模型,提出利用频变吸振器抑制弹性车体垂向振动的减振方法,分析不同速度、不同位置安装频变吸振器的减振效果,指明频变吸振器的优点。通过对比频变吸振器与传统被动式吸振器的减振效果,对频变吸振器抑制车体振动进行评价。结果表明:频变吸振器在不同速度、不同位置均能有效抑制车辆刚性与弹性振动;频变吸振器的优点在于一定程度上能够拓宽被动式吸振器的减振频带,提升吸振器在复杂工况下的减振能力。该工作为利用频变吸振器在城市轨道车辆上的应用提供了参考依据。Lightweight design of vehicle body is a trend in development of urban rail vehicle technology.However,the lightweight vehicle body may cause increase in vehicle elastic vibration,and decrease in vehicle stability and riding comfort during operation.Here,to effectively suppress vertical vibration of elastic car-body of urban rail vehicles and improve vehicle ride comfort,the vertical dynamic model of elastic car-body of urban rail vehicles containing frequency variable vibration absorbers was established by utilizing nonlinear variation characteristics of variable stiffness mechanism system’s frequency.A vibration reduction method was proposed using frequency variable vibration absorbers to suppress vertical vibration of elastic car-body,and the vibration reduction effect of installing frequency variable vibration absorbers at different speeds and positions was analyzed to reveal advantages of frequency-dependent vibration absorbers.By comparing the vibration reduction effect of frequency variable vibration absorbers with that of traditional passive vibration absorbers,frequency variable vibration absorbers suppressing car-body vibration was evaluated.The results showed that frequency variable vibration absorbers at different speeds and positions can always effectively suppress rigid and elastic vibrations of vehicles;the advantage of frequency dependent vibration absorbers is that they can broaden damping frequency band of passive vibration absorbers to some extent,and improve vibration absorbers’damping ability under complex working conditions;the study results can provide a reference basis for application of frequency varying vibration absorbers in urban rail vehicles.

关 键 词：垂向振动 弹性车体 频变 吸振器 Sperling指标 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]