高校自主办学与行政监管的双重约束  

The Double Constraint of University Autonomy and Administrative Supervision

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong(Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2023年第4期64-72,79,共10页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：2023年度上海市教育法学人才培养计划项目“高等学校依法自主办学法律制度研究”(2021JYFXR049)。

摘　　要：作为一场政府公权力的“自我革命”,我国高等教育领域“放管服”改革的推进,整体上延续了行政性分权的思路。在行政国家的语境下,我国高校自主权的扩大与落实,呈现出政策限定性、缺乏可预期性、有选择性、弱法治化等多重特征。当前,我国高校自主权与政府监管权的行使,都未能完全纳入法治的框架内予以检视,而这严重制约了高校依法自主办学法律制度的实施和运行。在实践中,政府监管职责履行不充分与过度干预高校自主权的问题并存,而高校自主权保障不足和违法行使的情形亦普遍存在。当前,在法治中国建设的时代背景下,亟须将高校办学自主权与行政监管权共同纳入法治轨道。借由外部法治约束与内部自我约束的统一,破解政府“放不下”与高校“接不住”的两难困境,促进政府依法有效监管能力与高校依法有效治理能力的双向提升。As a"self-revolution"of government public power,the advancement of reforms to streamline administration,delegate powers,and improve regulation and services in the Chinese higher education field continues the idea of administrative decentralization as a whole.In the context of the administrative state,the expansion and implementation of the autonomy of Chinese universities show multiple characteristics,such as policy limitation,lack of predictability,selectivity and weak rule of law.At present,the autonomy of universities and the exercise of government supervision power are not fully examined within the framework of the rule of law,which seriously restricts the implementation and operation of the legal system of running schools independently by law.In practice,the problem of inadequate performance of government supervision responsibility and excessive interference in the autonomy of universities coexist,and the situation of insufficient guarantee and illegal exercise of the autonomy of universities is also widespread.At present,under the background of the construction of the rule of law in China,it is urgent to bring the autonomy of universities and the power of administrative supervision into the track of the rule of law.Through the unification of external legal constraints and internal selfconstraints,the dilemma of"incompetence to delegate powers to lower levels"of the government and"incompetence to exercise those powers"of universities can be solved to promote the bidirectional improvement of the government's legal effective supervision ability and the legal effective governance ability of universities.

关 键 词：“放管服”改革 高校办学自主权 行政性分权 政府监管 双重约束 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] D912.1[文化科学—教育学]