氮肥后移对中、弱筋小麦籽粒淀粉合成及其糊化特性的影响  

Effects of postponing nitrogen fertilizer application on starch formation of medium and weak gluten wheat grains andits impacts on gelatinization characteristics

作　　者：吴东明 韩雅楠 马宏亮[1] 祁鹏飞 魏育明 樊高琼[1] 刘琼[1] 郑亭[1] WU Dongming;HAN Yanan;MA Hongliang;QI Pengfei;WEI Yuming;FAN Gaoqiong;LIU Qiong;ZHENG Ting(Agricultural College of Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第5期186-197,共12页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072054;31971939);四川省重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014);四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002)。

摘　　要：以中筋品种‘蜀麦482’、‘蜀麦969’,弱筋品种‘川农16’、‘绵麦51’为材料,在总施氮量(纯氮)为150 kg·hm^(-2)和基追比为6∶4的条件下,设置底肥一次施用、追施拔节肥、追施孕穗肥3个施氮时期,开展两年两点试验。结果表明:(1)氮肥后移处理小麦籽粒总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及直/支比分别显著下降0.20~1.75个百分点、0.10~1.85个百分点及4.88%~10.42%,可分别解释23.92%~39.00%、37.65%~45.08%、24.29%~29.04%的变异,支链淀粉含量基本无变化。(2)施氮时期可解释糊化特性0.01%~13.5%的变异。氮肥后移后4个品种的糊化指标基本均有所提升,其中,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度和回复值的变化达显著水平。(3)氮肥后移后籽粒中AGPase、SSS以及GBSS活性均有所增加,尤其是灌浆中后期20~35 d与底肥一次性施用处理差异多达显著水平,并且差异随灌浆的推移而增大,中筋品种表现尤为显著。(4)AGP-L、Sbe 1 D、Wx-DI基因表达量在灌浆中后期20~35 d显著降低。因此,弱筋品种追肥需提前,适宜底肥一次施用或者拔节前追肥;中筋品种可考虑追施拔节肥或孕穗肥。Two medium-gluten varieties and two weak-gluten varieties were evaluated at three periods of N fertilizer application,100%basal,60%basal and 40%topdressing at jointing stage,and 60%basal and 40%topdressing at booting stage,under N level of 150 kg·hm^(-2) at two sites over two growing seasons.The results showed that,(1)The contents of total starch and amylose and the ratio of amylose to amylopectin in grains,whose percentages of variability explained by postponing N fertilizer application accounted for 23.92%~39.00%,37.65%~45.08%and 24.29%~29.04%,respectively,for decreasing by 0.20~1.75 percentage points,0.10~1.85 percentage points and 4.88%~10.42%,respectively,while no change was observed in the amylopectin content.(2)The period of nitrogen application explained 0.01%~13.5%variation of gelatinization characteristics.The pasting indexes of the four varieties were basically improved after postponing N fertilizer application.Significant differences were identified in changes of peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity and recovery value.(3)The activities of AGPase,SSS and GBSS in grains exhibited decreasing trends during filling stage after postponing N fertilizer application,and significant differences were widely detected during 20~35 days after anthesis,especially for the medium-gluten cultivars.(4)The expression of AGP-L,Sbe 1 D,and Wx-DI significantly decreased during 20~35 days after anthesis.Collectively,the formation and accumulation of starch was inhibited to some extent after postponing N fertilizer application.It was recommended that 100%basal or topdressing at jointing stage was suitable for weak-gluten varieties,topdressing at booting stage was suitable for medium-gluten varieties.

关 键 词：中筋小麦 弱筋小麦 氮肥后移 淀粉合成 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S147.23