心之感通与於穆不已之天道的合一——论现代新儒家“道德形上学”建构的根基  

The Unity of Emotional Connection of the Heart and the Natural Law of Lasting Solemnity:On the Foundation of Modern New Confucianism's"Moral Metaphysics"Construction

作　　者：李洪卫[1] Li Hongwei

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2023年第8期42-64,148,149,F0003,共26页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国国家观的近代转变研究”(18BZZ027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代新儒家辨识的儒家特质是“人文教”或“成德之教”,与纯粹的人文主义不同。牟宗三认为儒家成德之教的根基是个体生命道德,同时它的全幅展开即仁心本体又是先验的道德实体和宇宙化生的本原,因此构成内在与超越的统一关系,这种统一是由心体展开的生命体证加以验证的,是由心体之“天渊”的感通境界加以证实的。仁心既是道德属性在个体生命之上的展示,同时也呈现为气机流行与贯通个体身心和外部世界的一体性或有机性。心体本身既是仁心的全幅敞开,同时也是生命的性体,也是宇宙大道本身的流行义的显示,即“於穆不已”和“生意”,这就是性体主观面与客观面的同时呈现与内在统一,并以此构成对存有的先验道德根基的肯定和道德形上学或超越存有论,此即内在超越的本质特性。当下“中道超越”论对此有一些新的看法。The characteristicof Confucianism identified by modern new Confucianism is a"humanistic religion"or"cultivation of becoming virtuous",which is different from pure humanism.Mou Zongsan believed that the foundation of the Confucian doctrine of morality is the morality of individual life and its full expansion—the essence of benevolenceis a transcendental moral entity and the origin of the universe,so it constitutes a unity of immanence and transcendence.The unity is verified by the meditation on the evidence of the substance of the mind expansion and the sense realm of"sky deep"of the substance of the mind.Benevolence is not only the display of moral attributes in the individual life but also the unity or organic nature of the individual body and mind and the external world in the prevalence and penetration of Qi.The substance of the mind itself is not only the complete openness of the heart of humanity but also the nature of life and the manifestation of the popular meaning of the universe itself,namely"lasting solemnity"(yumu)and"vitality",which is the simultaneous presentation and internal unity of the subjective and objective aspects of the nature,thus constituting the affirmation of the transcendental moral foundation of existence,and moral metaphysics or transcendental ontology.This is the essential property of immanent transcendence.Finally,Mr.Zhao Fasheng's"middle way transcendence"has been commented.

关 键 词：内在超越 心体 性体 超越存有论 道德形上学 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]