环境哲学为什么需要新实在论?  

Why Does Environmental Philosophy Need Realism?

作　　者：卢风[1] LU Feng(Ecological Civilization Research Center,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学生态文明研究中心

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期101-108,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：实在论的基本观点是人类思想观念正确与否至少部分取决于其与外部事物的关系,既存在独立于人类意识的客观实在,也存在可被人类共同体辨析的客观事实。反实在论者认为,“没有什么事实,只有解释”,而“现实(或实在)不过就是故事”。在康德的“哥白尼革命”后,反实在论成为欧美哲学的主流,且对中国学院派哲学产生了很大影响,还为当下十分强劲的媒体民粹主义提供了支持。但是,媒体民粹主义的盛行不利于人类纠正其致命错误,如大量使用化石燃料,人为导致气候变化。新实在论是多元实在论,承认实在、主体、真理、意义场的不可还原的多样性,拒斥完全可知论意义上的思维-存在同一论。认同思维-存在同一论的环境哲学研究者坚持认为,人类与自然是一体两面的,人类离不开自然,自然也离不开人类。认同多元实在论的环境哲学坦然承认,人类只是大自然的一部分。坚持新实在论,环境哲学才能要求人们真诚地反省长期以来把科技发展、人类征服力提高视为文明进步标志的错误信念。The fundamental viewpoint of realism is that the correctness of human thoughts and ideas depends at least partially on their relationship with external things.There exists an objective reality independent of human consciousness,as well as objective facts that can be discerned by human communities.Anti-realists,on the other hand,believe that“There are no facts,only interpretations.”and that“Reality(or the real)is nothing more than a story.”After Kant􀆳s“Copernican Revolution”,anti-realism became the mainstream of Western philosophy and had a significant impact on Chinese academic philosophy as well.Anti-realism has supported the prevailing media populism in the present time.The prevalence of media populism is detrimental to humanity rectifying its fatal errors:the excessive use of fossil fuels and the human-induced climate change.The new realism is pluralistic realism.It acknowledges the irreducible diversity of reality,subjectivity,truth,and meaning field,and rejects the identity of thinking and being in the sense of complete cognosciblism theory.Environmental philosophers who agree with the identity of thinking and being insist that humanity and nature are two interdependent aspects of a unified whole,with humanity inseparable from nature,and nature inseparable from humanity.Environmental philosophy that embraces pluralistic realism readily acknowledges that humans are just a part of nature.Only by adhering to realism can environmental philosophy demand sincere reflection on the long-held erroneous beliefs that with the advancement of technology,humans would gradually become gods,and that the increasing dominion of humanity is a sign of progress in civilization.

关 键 词：实在论 反实在论 环境哲学 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]