老子喻“道”新探——对宗教世界的超越与现实世界的隐喻  

A New Exploration of Laozi's Metaphors of Taoism——Transcendence of the Religious World and a Metaphor of the Real World

作　　者：聂磊 NIE Lei(School of Philosophy,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期92-98,107,共8页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清桐城方氏学派思想研究”(19BZX059)。

摘　　要：老子喻道从宗教世界与现实世界两个维度出发。就宗教世界而言,老子以神喻道,通过对原始宗教信仰对象帝、神、谷神等的隐喻,将道建基于原始宗教信仰对象之上,使得道成为本原上的存在,成为天地万物存在的依据,从而构建了老子的理性信仰之道论。就现实世界而言,老子以根、母、门、水等可感可知的现实之物为隐喻,以根喻道为万物本根、以母喻道之长养万物、以门喻道为众妙之处、以水喻道之运化状态。从形上层面隐喻道作为天地万物的本体,从形下层面隐喻道化生万物、长养万物的道体之用,以及隐喻道之于个体生命的精神归属。老子喻道就其时代而言开启了新的哲学信仰,亦为理性信仰开启了新篇章。Laozi's metaphors of Taoism start from dimensions of the religious world and the real world.As far as the religious world is concerned,Laozi takes“God”as a metaphor for Taoism.His metaphors of“emperor”,“God”and“valley God”,the objects of primitive religious beliefs,provide a basis for Tao-ism rooted in primitive religious beliefs and render Taoism into an original existence and the basis of the existence of all things in the universe.Thus Laozi's rational belief of Taoism was constructed.As far as the real world is concerned,Laozi uses “root”,“mother”“door”and “Water” as metaphors for Tao-ism:Taoism is compared to the“root”of all things,the“mother”providing long breeding and nurture for all things,the“door”integrating the beauty of all things,and the flow of transportation and transfor-mation like water.At the metaphysical level,Taoism is metaphorized as the noumenon of all things in the universe;at the metaphysical level,Taoism is metaphorized as the body that breeds and nurture all things in the universe;Taoism is also metaphorized as the spiritual belonging to individual life.Laozi's meta-phors of Taoism pioneered a new philosophical belief and a new movement for rational beliefs in his time.

关 键 词：老子 喻道 宗教世界 现实世界 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]