2010-2020年中国有毒野果中毒事件监测资料分析  

Analysis of the monitoring situation of poisonous wild fruit poisoning in China from 2010 to 2020

作　　者：刘琳[1] 朱姝[1] 付萍 李娟娟[3] 李宁 陈文[4] 王吉晓 王娅芳[1] 郭云昌 LIU Lin;ZHU Shu;FU Ping;LI Juanjuan;LI Ning;CHEN Wen;WANG Jixiao;WANG Yafang;GUO Yunchang(Institute of Health Surveillance and inspection of Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guizhou Guiyang 550004,China;China Nation Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;Institute of Health Surveillance and Inspection of Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Kunming 650022,China;Institute of Health Surveillance and inspection of Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;Institute of Health Surveillance and inspection of Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hainan Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004 [2]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [3]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022 [4]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041 [5]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2023年第6期928-933,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-414);贵州省传染病预防与控制人才基地科研团队项目(RCJD2106);国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0703804)。

摘　　要：目的分析2010—2020年全国有毒野果中毒事件的发病趋势和流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供数据参考。方法对2010—2020年“国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统”收集的有毒野果中毒事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2010—2020年全国共收到有毒野果中毒事件报告399起,发病1585人,死亡7人,病死率为0.44%。第二季度高发,其中,5月份的报告事件数和发病人数最多,分别占50.63%(202/399)和42.08%(667/1585);西南、华南和华中地区报告事件数和发病人数最多,分别占94.49%(377/399)和94.26%(1494/1585);其中贵州省、云南省和四川省三省报告的事件数和发病人数最多,分别占72.18%(288/399)和62.65%(993/1585);家庭共报告132起,发病439人,死亡6人,占比分别为33.08%、27.70%和85.71%;马桑果引起的事件数占比最高,达59.15%(236/399),其次为铁树果和麻风果;误采误食是引发中毒事件的主要原因,占98.75%(394/399);每起事件发病人数少于30人的占比为99.25%(396/399)。结论有毒野果中毒事件问题突出,基层疾控机构和医疗机构的监测能力和救治能力有待提高,需在高发季节加强对高发地区和重点人群的健康科普宣教工作。Objective To analyze the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by poisonous wild fruits in China from 2010 to 2020 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods Descriptive epidemiological data of all foodborne disease outbreaks caused by poisonous wild fruits reported in China from 2010 to 2020,using data from the“National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System”was analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2020,a total of 399 cases of food poisoning outbreaks were reported,with 1585 poisoning cases and 7 deaths;the case fatality rate was 0.44%.The most frequent reports were in the second quarter.The number of incident reports and cases in May was the highest,accounting for 50.63%(202/399)and 42.08%(667/1585),respectively.Southwest,South China and Central China had the highest number of incident reports and cases,94.49%(377/399)and 94.26%(1494/1585),respectively.Guizhou,Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces had the highest number of incident reports and cases,accounting for 72.18%(288/399)and 62.65%(993/1585),respectively.A total of 132 cases in the families were reported,with 439 cases of illness and 6 deaths,accounting for 33.08%,27.70%,and 85.71%,respectively.The highest proportion of reported incidents was due to Coriaria massoniana,accounting for 59.15%(236/399),followed by C.sibirica,and M.leprae.The primary cause of the incidents was fruit misuse,accounting for 98.75%(394/399),and 99.25%(396/399)had less than 30 patients per incident.Conclusion The situation of outbreaks caused by poisonous wild fruits was serious in China.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the monitoring and rescue abilities of primary disease control and primary medical institutions.Health education should be reinforced in high-risk areas and key population groups during the high-risk season.

关 键 词：野果 食源性疾病 暴发 监测 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]