从“能指”到“所指”——论工程人工物及其设计的伦理意向性  

From“signifier”to“signified”:ethical intentionality of engineered artifacts and their design

作　　者：李映红[1] 张可宁 LI Ying-hong;ZHANG Ke-ning

机构地区：[1]河海大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期47-52,146,147,共8页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“河流工程设计的哲学研究”(21BZX008)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工物是主体意向的凝结物,源于工程主体化理想为现实,在主客体的互构中由非存在走向存在。“实在论”意义上的工程人工物不完全是独立存在的原始部件或物质实体,而是多元的间性存在或交互关系。非功能性的“能指”由结构承担,功能意义上的“所指”是“意向”的物化,体现了主体的意向性赋予。从“能指”图式下人工物的结构“多重可实现性”,到“多重可利用性”的功能承担复现主体的多重“所指”,人工物不仅映射了主体的情感和意志,也体现了其在政治、文化、生态背景等方面的深度实在性。具象“能指”与抽象“所指”从相异到契合,应在物性与意向之间寻求价值关联,实现工程设计的伦理转向,现代工程人工物及其设计的伦理意向性是德性工程的客观存在和必然要求。Engineered artifacts are the embodiment of subject’s intention or the realization of engineering subjectivity ideals.They transition from non-existence to existence through the mutual construction of subject and object.In the context of“realism,”engineered artifacts are not merely independent primal components or material entities;rather,they exist as multiple intermediaries or interactive relationships.Non-functional“signifiers”are carried by the structure,while the“signified”in terms of functional meaning is the materialization of“intention”which reflects human subjectivity projected onto them.Under the schema of“signifiers,”the structural“multiplicity of realizability”of engineered artifacts transitions to the functional role of“multiplicity of usability”.This represents the multiple“signified”manifestations of the subject’s intentions.Engineered artifacts not only reflect the emotions and will of the subject but also embody their depth of reality in political,cultural,ecological contexts.The convergence of concrete“signifiers”and abstract“signified”should seek value correlations between materiality and intentionality so as to realize an ethical turn in engineering design.The ethical intentionality of modern engineered artifacts and their design is an objective reality and an inevitable requirement for virtuous engineering.

关 键 词：工程设计 伦理意向 具象“能指” 抽象“所指” 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]