船舶物权变动与登记对抗的逻辑构成和规则释论  

The Logical Composition and Rule Interpretation between the Change of Ship Property Rights and the Confrontation of Ships Registration

作　　者：胡绪雨[1] Hu Xuyu(Law School of Nankai University,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《政法论丛》2023年第5期13-26,共14页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民法评注编纂技术研究”(22BFX069)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：船舶物权变动与登记对抗存在复杂关系,解释论上应在《海商法》立法目的和逻辑构成上寻求体系融贯性与正当性,并与《民法典》及《担保制度司法解释》中关于登记对抗效力规则相衔接。船舶登记不具有设权效力,仅为表征物权变动手段,并不是适用善意取得要件之一,也并不解决二重让与中权源问题,交付是所有权变动生效要件与善意取得要件之一。船舶所有权变动中未登记不得对抗的第三人是二重让与中善意取得的买受人,出让人的一般债权人和设有担保债权人均不是善意第三人范畴。未经登记的船舶抵押权人,不得对抗善意买受人、登记或善意的光船租赁权人,以及进入保全与执行程序债权人、参与分配债权人与破产程序中债权人。抵押船舶可自由转让,抵押权具有追及效力,并赋予禁止转让例外约定以登记对抗效力,重新平衡抵押双方利益关系。There is a complex relationship between the change of ship property rights and the confrontation of ship registration.The interpretation should seek system coherence and legitimacy in the legislative purpose and logical composition of the Maritime Law,and connect with the rules on the confrontational effect of registration in the Civil Code and the Judicial Interpretation of the Guarantee System.Ship registration does not have the effect of creating rights,it only represents the means of change in property rights,and is not one of the applicable elements of acquisition in good faith,nor does it solve the problem of the source of dual transfer.The delivery is the requirements for the validity of change of ownership and one of the requirements for acquisition in good faith.A third party that can not be antagonized without registered in a change of ownership of a ship is a buyer acquired in good faith in a dual transfer.Neither the general creditor of the transferor nor the secured creditor(priority of the ship,lien and mortgage) are bona fide third parties.An unregistered mortgagee of a ship may not antagonized against bona fide buyers,registered or bona fide bareboat charterers,as well as creditors entering preservation and enforcement proceedings,creditors participating in distribution and creditors in insolvency proceedings.The mortgaged vessel can be freely transferred.The mortgagee has trace effect.However,exceptional agreement on non-assignment can also be made between the parties,but this agreement cannot be used to antagonized a third party unless registered.This is to rebalance the interests of the mortgaged parties.

关 键 词：船舶物权 物权变动 登记对抗 逻辑构成 规则释论 

分 类 号：DF593[政治法律—民商法学]