学前儿童冷漠无情特质的类型及其学校适应特征——基于潜在剖面分析  

Types and Characteristics of Callous-unemotional Traits in Preschool Children and Their School Adjustment Based on Latent Profile Analysis

作　　者：朱晶晶[1] 舒欣 董昕怡 李燕[1] ZHU Jing-jing;SHU Xin;DONG Xin-yi;LI Yan(Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;Anqing Kindergarten of Shanghai,Jingan District,Shanghai 200435,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学学前教育学院,上海200234 [2]上海市静安区安庆幼儿园,上海200435

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2023年第5期1214-1219,1224,共7页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(21CSH048)。

摘　　要：目的:考察学前儿童冷漠无情特质的潜在类别及其学校适应特征。方法:选取上海市2156名学前儿童为研究对象,采用冷漠无情特质量表、学业成就问卷、师幼关系问卷和儿童长处与困难问卷进行测量。结果:(1)潜在剖面分析得到4个冷漠无情特质类型:低冷漠无情型(59.69%)、中冷漠无情型(24.40%)、高冷漠-低无情型(6.96%)和高冷漠-高无情型(8.95%);(2)多元逻辑回归分析表明,男孩和小班幼儿被归为中冷漠无情型、高冷漠-低无情型和高冷漠-高无情型的概率更大;(3)方差分析结果显示,不同潜在类别儿童在学校适应指标上的差异具有统计学意义。低冷漠无情型儿童的学校适应状态最佳,中冷漠无情型次之,高冷漠-高无情型和高冷漠-低无情型均较差。结论:学前儿童冷漠无情特质分为四类,不同类型的冷漠无情特质儿童在性别、年级和学校适应上表现出差异。Objective:The goal of this research was to examine the potential classes of callous-unemotional traits and the characteristics of school adjustment in preschool children.Methods:A sample of 2156 preschool children in Shanghai were tested with the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits(ICU),Academic Achievement Questionnaire,Student Teacher Relationship Scale(STRS)and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ).Results:(1)Latent profile analysis revealed four latent classes of callous-unemotional traits:low callous-unemotional group(59.69%),moderate callous-unemotional group(24.40%),high callous-low unemotional group(6.96%),and high callous-high unemotional group(8.95%);(2)Logistic regression analysis found that boys and children from small class were more likely to be classified as a moderate callous-unemotional group,high callous-low unemotional group,and high callous-high unemotional group;(3)Variance analysis found that children in the low callous-unemotional group showed the best school adjustment,folowed in order by the moderate callous-unemotional group,and both the high callous-low unemotional group and the high callous-high unemotional group.Conclusion:Preschoolers with callous-unemotional traits could be divided into four types.Children with different types of callous-unemotional traits showed differences in gender,grade,and school adjustment.

关 键 词：学前儿童 冷漠无情特质 学校适应 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]