边远民族地区牧民子女进城读书的家庭适应策略——基于内蒙古自治区U旗的田野调查  

Family Adaptive Strategy for the Children of Herdsmen in Remote Ethnic Areas to Study in Cities:Field Research Based on U Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

作　　者：陈·巴特尔[1,2] 马慧卿 CHEN Ba-teer;MA Hui-qing(Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350;School of Society,Sanya University,Sanya,Hainan 572022)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350 [2]三亚学院社会学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2023年第3期65-72,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家民委民族研究项目“我国民族地区教育现代化监测与评价体系研究”(项目编号:2020GMB034);国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目“我国少数民族人权教育研究”(项目编号为17JJD820017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：边远民族地区教育资源向城镇聚集加速了民族地区教育的变革,也对当地的日常生活及家庭安排产生了深刻影响。通过对内蒙古自治区U旗的田野调查,运用家庭策略的结构取向视角探析牧民子女进城读书的家庭适应策略。研究发现:第一,牧民根据家庭可利用资源,通过家庭成员代际协作来应对制度结构变迁。传统性别分工使得母亲成为进城陪读的首选,同时形成了“分而不离”的夫妻生活模式。由于现代化生产工具的嵌入,家庭中部分劳动力得以解放外出务工,祖辈补位照料的策略就此出现。家庭人力资源向下集中,使家庭内部的劳力余缺得到合理配置的同时又保障了养育责任的履行。第二,借用市场力量达到抵御风险的目的,将孩子交给“阿姨”长期托管或利用家庭和市场便利,采取“半托半走读”策略。面对结构制度变迁带来的挑战,牧民调动自身能动性,重新建构与新环境相适应的生存方式。牧民家庭在子女进城读书中的适应策略,能够对民族地区教育发展建设中存在的问题给予反思与启示。The outflow of educational resources in remote ethnic areas to urban areas accelerates the reform of education in ethnic areas,and also has a profound impact on the local daily life and family arrangements.Through the field survey of U Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the article explores on the family Adaptive strategy of herdsmen children moving to study in urban areas from the perspective of family strategy.The study found that:firstly,herdsmen responded to the changes of institutional structure through the inter-generational cooperation of family members depending on the resources available to the family.The traditional gender division of labor makes mothers to become the top choice to accompany the children to study in urban areas,and thus results in the separation form of life of husband and wife.Due to the involvement of modern production tools,some of the labors in families can be liberated to work outside,and the strategy of having the grandparents generation to take care of the children has emerged.The downward concentration of family human resources resulted in reasonable allocation of labor within the family,and at the same time ensures the fulfillment of parenting responsibility.Secondly,referring to the market forces to achieve the risk resistance purpose,send the children to the nanny for long-term care or take advantage of the convenience of the family and the market,and adopt the strategy of"day school attending with nanny's support".Facing the challenges brought about by structural and institutional changes,herdsmen mobilize their own initiative and rebuild the living mode adapted to the new environment.The Adaptive strategy of herdsman families in their children studying in urban areas can provide inspiration and reflections on the problems existed in the development and construction of education in ethnic areas.

关 键 词：民族地区 牧民 家庭适应策略 进城读书 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学]