课后服务如何帮助处境不利儿童走出困境——抗逆力理论下洛杉矶“教育向未来”课后充实计划透视  

How After-school Services Can Help Disadvantaged Children Get Out——An Analysis of LA's BEST Program under the Theory of Resilience

作　　者：陈玥[1] 王灵菁 CHEN Yue;WANG Lingjing(Faculty of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710062;Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西西安710062 [2]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2023年第10期95-104,共10页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学一般课题“义务教育阶段学生作业政策国际比较研究”(课题批准号:BDA220033)。

摘　　要：借课后服务之力,帮助处境不利儿童走出困境,产生造福社会的实际效益,是美国社会大众、各级政府及学术界长期以来共同关注的议题。美国非营利性课后服务项目代表--洛杉矶“教育向未来”课后充实计划在联邦政府推动、加州政府响应和民间组织的支持下,依据教育政策和教育理论不断调整并更新其教育目标。其实践演进逻辑与抗逆力的发展高度相似:减少风险因素,为处境不利儿童搭建避风港;增加保护因素,为处境不利儿童提供丰富的教育;恢复适应系统,改善处境不利儿童的教育生态。该计划经过多年发展,在减少问题行为、提升学业表现和改善生活条件等方面取得显著成效。然而,课后服务所起作用有限,要使处境不利儿童脱离风险,还需创造生成的教育,让儿童看见希望、产生期盼。Taking advantage of after-school services to help disadvantaged children get out of trouble and generate social benefits has been discussed by American governments,public and scholars for a long time.With the help of the United States government,State of California and non-government organizations,Los Angeles Better Educated Students for Tomorrow After-school Enrichment Program continues to update its educational goals with education policies and education.The logic of its practice evolution is highly similar to the development of resilience theory:creating a safe environment as a haven to protect vulnerable children,building protective factors to enrich education for disadvantaged children,and restoring adaptive systems to improve the educational ecosystem.After years of development,LA's BEST Program has achieved remarkable results in reducing kids'problematic behaviors,improving their academic performance,improving their living conditions and enhancing their self-efficacy.However,the effect of after school programs is limited,and it's necessary to create vibrant education to help vulnerable children to pursue hope and happiness.

关 键 词：课后充实计划 课后服务 处境不利儿童 抗逆力 

分 类 号：G775.712[文化科学—教育学]