不同缓释氮肥施用量对莲藕产量和淀粉品质的影响  

Effects of different slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application rates on yield and starch quality in Nelumbo nucifera

作　　者：丁嘉仪 张子怡 邓康明 吴鹏 冯凯 李良俊 赵书平 DING Jiayi;ZHANG Ziyi;DENG Kangming;WU Peng;FENG Kai;LI Liangjun;ZHAO Shuping(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺园林学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第9期1793-1802,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32202472);江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目[JBGS(2021)017];国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-24);扬州大学大学生科创基金项目(XCX20230664)。

摘　　要：为研究不同缓释氮肥施用量对莲藕产量及淀粉品质的影响,以莲藕品种‘MRH’为材料,探究在常规氮肥和5种不同施用量的缓释氮肥处理(R1~R5)下莲藕产量、淀粉含量、淀粉合成酶的活性以及相关基因表达量的差异。试验表明缓释氮肥的施用有利于提升莲藕叶片在整个生育期内的发育以及光合特性,其中缓释等氮处理(R3)对光合特性的提升效果最为显著,莲藕产量、淀粉含量和淀粉颗粒数同样在该处理下达到最大值;颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)和可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)的活性在R3处理下显著高于其他处理,R3处理可使淀粉合成相关基因在前期和中期保持较高的表达水平。综上可知,R3处理可显著提升莲藕产量和淀粉含量,将为莲藕实际生产中肥料的施用提供科学参考。In order to study the effects of different slow-release nitrogen application rates on yield and starch content in Nelumbo nucifera,the variety'MRH'was used as the material under treatment of conven-tional nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with five different application rates(R1-R5).Then,the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,rhizomes yield,starch content,activities of starch syn-thesis related enzymes and expression levels of related genes were tested.The experimental results showed that the application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer could improve the development and photo-synthetic characteristics of leaves during the whole growth period.Especially,R3 treatment had the most significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics.The yield of rhizome,the content of starch and the number of starch granule also reached the maximum under R3 treatment.The activities of granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS),starch branching enzyme(SBE)and soluble starch synthase(SSS)in R3 treat-ment were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The expression levels of starch synthe-sis-related genes could be maintained high level under R3 treatment.In conclusion,the application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and thus increase the yield and starch content of N.nucifera,among which the improvement effect of R3 is the most significant,which can be used and popularized in the actual production process.

关 键 词：缓释氮肥 光合特性 淀粉含量 基因表达 莲藕 

分 类 号：S645.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]