古典诗歌用典论  

On the Use of Allusions in Classical Chinese Poetry

作　　者：程羽黑 Cheng Yuhei(Institute of Arts and Humanities,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文艺术研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期80-88,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：用典是中国诗歌的重要特征,早在先秦时代已开始萌芽,当时的用典以直接引用为主。春秋时代的赋诗奠定了以切合情境为主导的用典原则。经过长时间的发展,用典超越了径引成语与史事的阶段。随着成熟的文人诗出现,用典从“套语”中挣脱出来,典故与原文语境的关系也变得密切。诗人由“引事”而“用事”,致力于以自己的语言运化典故,使其成为作品的有机部分,用典水平成为衡量诗歌的重要指标。典故并不是封闭的“资料库”,而是能通过衍生、扩展、转移等方式与时俱进的有机系统,使古典诗歌长久保持活力成为可能。The use of allusions is a key feature of classical Chinese poetry.It began as early as in the pre-Qin period,mainly in direct quotations.The composing of poems in the Spring and Autumn period established the principle of using allusions in accordance with contexts.After a long time of development,it went beyond the stage of directly quoting idioms and historical events.With the emergence of mature literati poetry,the use of allusions is freed from“formulae”and allusions have to be closely related to the context of the poems.From“quoting”to“using,”poets are committed to using their own language to convey and make flexible use of allusions,so that the allusions become an organic part of the works,and the skill of using allusions becomes a key index to measure poetry.Therefore,allusions are not a closed“database,”but an organic system that can keep pace with the times through derivation,extension and transfer,making it possible for classical Chinese poetry to maintain vitality for a long time.

关 键 词：古典诗歌 用典 情境 套语 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]