放牧与舍饲模式对滩羊肉品质、瘤胃环境及菌群结构的影响  

Effects of grazing and housing feeding patterns on meat quality,rumen environment and microbiota structure of Tan sheep

作　　者：郭帅 杨慧超 李瑞国 高巧仙 张亮亮[4] 王占军 辛国省[2,3] GUO Shuai;YANG Hui-chao;LI Rui-guo;GAO Qiao-xian;ZHANG Liang-liang;WANG Zhan-jun;XIN Guo-sheng(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Feed Engineering Technology Research Center,Ningxia Uni-versity,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Haobiao Testing Service Research Institute,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学饲料工程技术研究中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川750021 [4]宁夏昊标检测服务研究院,银川750021 [5]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第8期1798-1807,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-15-05)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在研究放牧与舍饲2种饲养模式对滩羊肉品质、瘤胃菌群的影响。【方法】试验选取健康、体况接近[(20.20±2.10)kg]的盐池滩羊公羔32只,随机分为舍饲组(C组,饲喂全混合日粮)和放牧组(G组,采食放牧草地),每组16只。饲喂87 d后屠宰,测定其背最长肌肉品质,同时采集新鲜瘤胃液进行高通量测序,分析放牧与舍饲对滩羊瘤胃微生物多样性及菌群结构的影响。试验预试期7 d,正试期80 d。【结果】舍饲滩羊肌内脂肪、熟肉率、pH(45 min)、背最长肌肉色L与肉色b显著高于放牧滩羊(P<0.05),而放牧羊肉pH(24 h)和肉色a显著高于舍饲羊肉(P<0.05)。瘤胃发酵参数分析发现,放牧滩羊瘤胃pH、异丁酸、异戊酸、乙酸/丙酸显著高于舍饲滩羊(P<0.05),而2组的氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸无显著差异(P>0.05)。2组检测到OTU总数为2106个,其中放牧组和舍饲组分别为1869和1445个,特有OTU数分别为661和237个,分别占OTU总数的31.38%和11.25%。放牧组瘤胃菌群中观测到的物种数、Shannon指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数均显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05),而2组Simpson指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。2组滩羊瘤胃中优势菌门主要为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria),拟杆菌门在舍饲滩羊样本中的相对丰度为81.38%,高于放牧组的52.96%(P<0.05),而厚壁菌门在舍饲组中相对丰度为15.88%,低于放牧组的37.42%(P<0.05);舍饲组变形菌门相对丰度为1.14%,低于放牧组的5.56%(P<0.05)。在属水平上,优势菌属主要为未鉴定的普雷沃氏菌科(unidentified_Prevotellaceae)、未鉴定的拟杆菌科目(unidentified_Bacteroidales)、未鉴定的瘤胃菌科(unidentified_Ruminococcaceae),其中未鉴定的普雷沃氏菌科占比最高,放牧组相对丰度为14.74%,高于舍饲组的4.35%(P<0.05)。放牧组中未鉴定的拟杆菌科目相对丰度为3.63%,稍高于舍饲组的3.32%(P>0.05)。放牧组中未�【Objective】 The paper was conducted to study the effects of grazing and house feeding modes on meat quality and rumen microbiota of Tan sheep.【Method】 Thirty-two male lambs of Yanchi Tan sheep with body condition close to[(20.20±2.10) kg]were randomly divided into two groups(group C with total mixed diet) and grazing group(group G with grazing grassland),with 16 lambs in each group.At the same time,fresh rumen fluid was collected for high-throughput sequencing.The effects of grazing and house feeding on rumen microbial diversity and microflora structure of Tanyang sheep were analyzed.The pre-test lasted for 7 days and the test lasted for 80 days.【Result】 The intramuscular fat,cooked meat percentage,pH(45 minutes),muscle color L and meat color b of longissimus dorsum of housed Tan sheep were significantly higher than those of grazed Tan sheep(P0.05),while the pH(24 hours) and meat color a of grazed mutton were significantly higher than those of grazed Tan sheep(P0.05).Rumen fermentation parameters analysis showed that rumen pH,isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid and acetic acid/propionic acid of grazing Tan sheep were significantly higher than those of housed Tan sheep(P0.05),but there were no significant differences in ammonia nitrogen,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and valeric acid between the two groups(P0.05).A total of 2106 OTUs were detected in the two groups,including 1869 and 1445 in the grazing group and the house feeding group,and 661 and 237 unique OTUs,accounting for 31.38% and 11.25% of the total OTUs,respectively.The number of species,Shannon index,Chao1 index and ACE index observed in rumen microflora of grazing group were significantly higher than those of feeding group(P0.05),while Simpson index of the two groups had no significant difference(P0.05).The dominant bacteria in the rumen of the two groups were mainly Bacteroidetes,Firmicutesand and Proteobacteria,The relative abundance of Bacteroides in fattening Tan sheep samples was 81.38%,higher than that in grazing group 52.96%(P

关 键 词：饲养方式 宁夏滩羊 肌内脂肪 瘤胃pH 多样性 

分 类 号：S826.9[农业科学—畜牧学]