处境不利群体认定:澳大利亚的实践及启示  

The Identification of Disadvantaged Groups:Practices and Implications from Australia

作　　者：张烨[1,2] 寇祥香 ZHANG Ye;KOU Xiangxiang(Center for Educational Policy and Leadership,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China;Faculty of Education,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China;Primary School Attached to Qing Yang Expermental Middle School,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学教育政策与领导力研究中心,四川成都610066 [2]四川师范大学教育科学学院,四川成都610066 [3]成都市青羊实验中学附属小学,四川成都610031

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第9期36-54,共19页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“从‘局部倾斜’到‘公平政策框架’:‘畅通农村学生纵向流动渠道’的改进路向研究”(项目编号:19YJA880085);国家社科基金一般项目“‘双减’政策在地化中的教育公平困境及其破解路径研究”(项目编号:22BSH061)。

摘　　要：处境不利群体认定是教育公平进程中的关键环节和难题,本质上是群体“不利存在”的本体确认问题,其认定难题也蕴含其中。澳大利亚对此作出了较好的实践回应,针对不利群体背景复杂性之认定难题,依托信息化管理系统开展分类认定;针对不利群体信息真实性之确认难题,推动多主体协同认定;针对不利群体处境差异及动态变化之认定难题,秉持“公平梯度”思维动态调整公平政策注意力;针对不利群体的过程公平之确认难题,以“公平任务契约”压实高等教育机构的主体责任。同时,澳大利亚也面临着精确“不利”认定的持续诉求,处境不利群体多种身份的复杂叠加,以及因“公平与质量”深刻冲突导致的精英院校潜在抵制等多重挑战。处境不利群体认定,既是一个技术治理的问题,又关涉价值观和方法论问题。作为一个国家教育公平实践的“棱镜”,需要在“公平”“效率”“质量”的三维观中理解其特殊背景、特定难题,领会其独特创新经验。The identification of disadvantaged groups is the key link and difficult problem in the process of educational equity,which is essentially the ontological identification problem of"disadvantaged existence"of groups.In order to solve the problem of identification of disadvantaged groups with complex background,Australia relies on information management system to carry out classification identification;In view of the problem of confirming the authenticity of information of disadvantaged groups,multi-subject collaborative identification is promoted;In view of the difficult problem of identifying the difference and dynamic change of disadvantaged groups'situation,we adopt the"equity gradient"thinking to make the dynamic adjustment of equity policy.In view of the difficult problem of process equity confirmation for disadvantaged groups,the"equity task contract"is used to consolidate the main responsibility of higher education institutions.Australia has made a good practical response to the difficult problem of identifying disadvantaged groups,but it also faces multiple challenges such as the continuous demand for accurate"disadvantaged"identification,the complex superposition of multiple identities of disadvantaged groups,and the potential resistance of elite higher education institutions due to the profound conflict between"equity and quality".The identification of disadvantaged groups is not only a question of technology governance,but also a question of values and methodology.As the"prism"of a country's educational equity practice,it is necessary to understand its special background,specific problems and understand its unique innovative experience in the three-dimensional view of"Equity","Efficiency"and"Quality".

关 键 词：澳大利亚 公平政策框架 处境不利群体 处境不利群体认定 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理] G611[文化科学—教育学]