反本与守真:王弼玄理易学的工夫论之维  

Return to the Nature and Holding the Authenticity: the Aspect of Gongfu Theory in Wang Bi's Yi Scholarship

作　　者：马士彪 MA Shi-biao

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第4期32-41,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：王弼的复卦注蕴涵两种不同类型的工夫,一是“超越止息”的反本工夫,另一种是“任其真”的涵养与任持工夫。前者是建立在“复心”工夫之上的境界心灵观照,后者则意在通过涵养冲虚境界心灵的工夫,达到任持虚静本性的效果。无论是“复心”的工夫,还是“复性”的工夫,抑或是复归本性后的“任持”工夫,都在心上完成。心是具有实践选择能力的主体,可以选择竞逐物欲作为其实践格准,也可以选择“顺性命”作为其实践法则,前者会导致心因被欲望裹挟而背离真性的后果。“顺性命”的心是冲虚的境界心灵,这一境界心灵以“无所别析”为其存在样态,而“蒙”与“愚”则是其外显气象,圣人通过冲虚境界心灵的感通作用,一方面达至“通夫大同”的理想境域,一方面保全天地万物的虚静本性。Wang Bi’s(226-249)interpretation of hexagram Fu[,Return,24]contains two types of Gongfu(practice of self-cultivation),one is the Gongfu of returning to the origin,of“transcendence and ceasing”,the other is the Gongfu of inward cultiva⁃tion and grasping of“assuming authenticity”.The former is about observation of realm and heart built on the Gongfu of“restoration of mind”,while the latter aims to achieve the effect of maintaining the emptiness and stillness of the original nature by cultivating the spiritual realm of emptiness and stillness.Regardless whether it is the Gongfu of“restoring one’s mind”,the Gongfu of“restoring one’s nature”,or the Gongfu of“holding onto oneself”after returning to nature,all are completed in the heart.The mind is a subject with the ability to make practical choices.It can choose to compete for material desires as its practical criterion,or it can choose“con⁃forming to nature and life”as its practical principle.The former will lead to the consequences of deviating from mind’s true nature due to being bound by desires.The mind of“conforming to nature and life”is the realm of emptiness of mind,in which the mind is charac⁃terized by“having no analysis”and no differentiation as its form of existence,while“ignorance”and“foolishness”are its external manifestations.Through the emotional connection of the mind in the realm of emptiness,sages can achieve the ideal realm of“the great harmony”,on the one hand,and preserve the emptiness and tranquility of all things on the other.

关 键 词：王弼 虚静 反本 守真 工夫论 

分 类 号：B235.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]