自杀倾向者在不同语言表述下的阅读眼动特征研究  

A study on the eye movement characteristics of suicidally inclined people during reading in different linguistic expressions

作　　者：逯笛言 杨惠淋 梁淑怡 李宇龙 王昕璐 张亚娟 黄玲巧 苗丹民 LU Diyan;YANG Huilin;LIANG Shuyi;LI Yulong;WANG Xinlu;ZHANG Yajuan;HUANG Lingqiao;MIAO Danmin(Department of Aerospace Psychology,School of Military Medical Psychology,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA,Chengdu 610083,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学军事医学心理学系航空航天心理学教研室,陕西西安710032 [2]解放军西部战区总医院急诊医学科,四川成都610083

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2023年第10期961-967,共7页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M653963)。

摘　　要：目的改进现有自杀倾向筛查不足,探究自杀倾向者与无自杀倾向者在隐喻语言和高表面效度语言的阅读眼动模式,提高自杀倾向者的检出率与有效性。方法通过《自杀意念量表》及访谈法对被试进行分组,最终自杀倾向组和对照组均纳入100例被试的眼动数据,以隐喻材料和高表面效度材料两种不同性质自杀倾向语料作为认知加工材料,采集自杀倾向组与对照组阅读认知加工材料的眼动数据,使用SPSS 20.0对眼动数据进行分析。结果自杀倾向组与对照组在注视时间持续之和、总注视次数、回视时间以及平均瞳孔大小均存在显著差异[F_((1,198))=13.364,P<0.01,η_(p)^(2)=0.063;F_((1,198))=13.633,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.064;F(1,98)=16.986,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.079;F(1,98)=7.879,P<0.01,η_(p)^(2)=0.038],自杀倾向组拥有更长注视时间持续之和及回视时间、更多总注视次数和更大平均瞳孔大小。结论与高表面效度材料相比,有自杀倾向的被试在隐喻性语料阅读过程中在眼动模式上产生了更复杂的认知加工,若将隐喻语言纳入自杀筛查工具及量表可能具有更高生态效度和更好筛选效果。Objective To improve the shortcomings of the existing screening for suicidal ideation and to investigate the eye movement patterns during reading in metaphorical language and high surface validity language of suicidal ideators and non-suicidal ideators,so as to improve the detection rate and validity of suicidal ideators.Methods The subjects were divided into groups through the Suicide Ideation Scale and interview method.Finally,the eye movement data of 100 subjects were included in both the suicidal ideation group and the control group.Two different types of suicidal materials—metaphorical materials and high surface validity materials were used as cognitive processing materials,and the eye movement data of reading cognitive processing materials were collected from the suicidal ideation group and the control group.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the eye movement data.Results There were significant differences between the suicidal ideation group and the control group in the sum of gaze duration,total gaze counts,regression time,and mean pupil size[F_((1,198))=13.364,P<0.01,η_(p)^(2)=0.063;F_((1,198))=13.633,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.064;F(1,98)=16.986,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.079;F(1,98)=7.879,P<0.01,η_(p)^(2)=0.038].The suicidal ideation group had a longer sum of gaze duration and regression time,more total gaze counts,and larger mean pupil size.Conclusion Compared with high surface validity materials,subjects with suicidal tendencies produce more complex cognitive processing in eye movement patterns during metaphorical corpus reading,and may have higher ecological validity and better screening effects if metaphorical language is incorporated into suicide screening tools and scales.

关 键 词：自杀倾向 隐喻语料 眼动技术 机器学习 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] B842[医药卫生—临床医学] B846[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学]