中国草地生态系统固碳能力及其提升途径  

Grassland Carbon Sink in China and its Promotion Strategies

作　　者：彭云峰[1] 常锦峰 赵霞[1] 石岳[1] 白宇轩 李秦鲁 姚世庭 马文红 方精云[5] 杨元合 Yunfeng Peng;Jinfeng Chang;Xia Zhao;Yue Shi;Yuxuan Bai;Qinlu Li;Shiting Yao;Wenhong Ma;Jingyun Fang;Yuanhe Yang(Institutes of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021;Institute of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [3]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [4]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,呼和浩特010021 [5]北京大学城市与环境学院生态研究中心,北京100871 [6]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2023年第4期587-602,共16页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31988102);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA26020201)的资助。

摘　　要：准确评估草地生态系统固碳速率、提升其碳汇能力对于深入认识国家尺度陆地生态系统碳源汇特征及其固碳潜力具有重要意义。通过梳理文献,本文总结了我国草地碳汇大小、空间格局及其未来趋势,并提出了提升草地碳汇的可能途径。结果发现,不同研究对我国草地碳源汇特征的估算差异较大,大小介于-3.4~17.6 Tg C year^(-1)(1 Tg=10^(12)g),中值为13.0 Tg C year^(-1)。模型预测未来全球变化背景下我国草地碳汇呈增加趋势,由1970s—2010s的12.8 Tg C year^(-1)(不同研究结果的范围:-3.6~18.0 Tg C year^(-1))增加至2050s的29.0 Tg C year^(-1)(10.3~50.0 Tg C year^(-1))。通过构建退化草地恢复技术体系、加强重大生态工程、自然保护区和人工草地建设、利用碳汇植物提升荒漠化草地碳汇、以及实施有效的生态奖补政策等手段,有望进一步提升草地固碳能力。未来亟需在草地碳通量长期联网观测、碳循环关键过程对全球变化响应和反馈机制、数据—模型融合等方面加强研究,以降低草地碳汇估算中的不确定性。此外,还需加强草地退化和恢复过程中碳循环观测和模拟研究,从而针对性地恢复退化草地碳汇功能,为我国实现“碳中和”国家战略目标提供科技支撑。Grasslands store a large amount of carbon(C)and play a critical role in terrestrial C sequestration.A better assessment of grassland C sink and development of C-sink promotion strategies have important implications for achieving China's C neutrality target.This review summarizes major progresses in estimates of the capacity,spatial patterns and future trends of grassland C sink in China,and proposes strategies to enhance the ecosystem C sink.We demonstrated a wide diversity of C sink estimates in China's grasslands,ranging from -3.4 to 17.6 Tg C year^(-1)(1 Tg=1012 g)with the median of 13.0 Tg C year^(-1).Under future global change scenarios,model extrapolation predicted that the ecosystem C sequestration by grasslands would increase from 12.8 Tg C year^(-1)(-3.6~18.0 Tg C year^(-1))(1970s—2010s)to 29.0 Tg C year^(-1)(10.3~50.0 Tg C year^(-1))(2050s).The C sink capacity could be further improved via boosting the C sink of degraded grasslands,including development of effective restoration techniques,implementations of ecological restoration projects,natural reserves and sown pasture,development of crops for C farming in marginal land,as well as establishment of policy incentives.For future studies,we would suggest to facilitate the long-term in situ monitoring of C stocks and fluxes,studies of mechanisms underlying C-cycling to global changes and in-depth data-modeling fusion.In addition,it is necessary to pay more attentions to the observational and modelling researches on C dynamics during grassland degradation and restoration,which would benefit for the purposeful development of C sink restoration techniques and contribute to the C neutrality in China.

关 键 词：碳库 碳汇 碳循环 全球变化 草地退化与恢复 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]