重点生态功能区农户相对贫困程度及影响因素——以陇南山区为例  

Relative poverty degree and influencing factors of farmers in key ecological function areas:A case study of Longnan mountain area

作　　者：李文青 赵雪雁[1] 何小风 LI Wenqing;ZHAO Xueyan;HE Xiaofeng(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Wildlife management and protection station of Longnan,Longnan 746000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省陇南市野生动植物管理保护站,陇南746000

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第19期8206-8218,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971268)。

摘　　要：重点生态功能区是全球生态系统保护与支撑人类可持续发展的核心区域。农户作为重点生态功能区生态保护的主体,其福祉水平直接关系到重点生态功能区主体功能的实现。科学评估重点生态功能区农户的相对贫困程度,精准识别相对贫困人口并揭示其影响因素对于促进重点生态功能区生计与生态协同发展至关重要。以地处秦巴山重要水源涵养区与生物多样性生态功能区的陇南山区为案例区,基于可持续生计分析框架,利用农户调查数据,通过构建相对贫困测度指标体系,系统识别相对贫困农户,并利用分层线性模型在“家庭-村庄”双重尺度上探索相对贫困的关键影响因素。结果发现:(1)陇南山区农户相对贫困程度存在分化,其中,高山区农户、补贴型农户和高家庭抚养比农户相对贫困程度较高。相对贫困农户占受访户的20.39%,且主要集中在高山区、家庭抚养比较高以及补贴型农户中。(2)农户的家庭属性是导致农户陷入相对贫困的决定性因素,脱贫内生动力及生计多样性提升是缓解相对贫困的关键因素,而医疗负担和教育负担增加会导致农户陷入相对贫困。(3)村庄特征放大了家庭特征对相对贫困程度的影响,村庄自然条件、社会经济条件、对外联系等通过影响家庭特征而强化了对农户相对贫困程度的影响。The key ecological function area is the core area of global ecosystem protection and sustainable development of human beings.As the main body of ecological protection in key ecological functional areas,farmers′well-being is directly related to the realization of the main functions of key ecological functional areas.Scientifically assessing the relative poverty level of farmers in the key ecological functional areas,accurately identifying the relative poor population and revealing their influencing factors are crucial to promote the coordinated development of livelihoods and ecology in key ecological functional areas.Therefore,this paper takes Longnan Mountain Area,which is located in the important water conservation area and biodiversity ecological function area of Qinba Mountain,as the case area.Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework,this paper uses household survey data to systematically identify relatively poor farmers by building a relative poverty measurement index system,and uses a hierarchical linear model to explore the key influencing factors of relative poverty on the family-village dual scale.The results show that:(1)the relative poverty level of rural households in Longnan mountain area is different.Among which,the relative poverty level of rural households in mountain area,the subsidized rural households and high family support rural households is higher.Relatively poor farmers account for 20.39%of the surveyed households,and are mainly concentrated in alpine areas,high family support and subsidized farmers.(2)The household attribute of farmers is the decisive factor that causes farmers to fall into relative poverty.The endogenous driving force for poverty alleviation and the improvement of livelihood diversity are the key factors to alleviate relative poverty,while the increase of medical and educational burdens will cause farmers to fall into relative poverty.(3)Village characteristics magnify the impact of family characteristics on the relative poverty level,and village natural c

关 键 词：相对贫困 生计资本 致贫因素 分层线性模型 重点生态功能区 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]