Chloroplast gene expression:Recent advances and perspectives  

作　　者：Yi Zhang Lin Tian Congming Lu 

机构地区：[1]National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement,College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018,China

出　　处：《Plant Communications》2023年第5期153-171,共19页植物通讯（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0907600);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31730102 and 32000184);the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant no.ZR2020QC023);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2020M672093).

摘　　要：Chloroplasts evolved from an ancient cyanobacterial endosymbiont more than 1.5 billion years ago.During subsequent coevolution with the nuclear genome,the chloroplast genome has remained independent,albeit strongly reduced,with its own transcriptional machinery and distinct features,such as chloroplast-specific innovations in gene expression and complicated post-transcriptional processing.Light activates the expression of chloroplast genes via mechanisms that optimize photosynthesis,minimize photodamage,and prioritize energy investments.Over the past few years,studies have moved from describing phases of chloroplast gene expression to exploring the underlying mechanisms.In this review,we focus on recent advances and emerging principles that govern chloroplast gene expression in land plants.We discuss engineering of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins and its biotechnological effects on chloroplast RNA research;new techniques for characterizing the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression;and important aspects of chloroplast gene expression for improving crop yield and stress tolerance.We also discuss biological and mechanistic questions that remain to be answered in the future.

关 键 词：CHLOROPLAST chloroplast gene expression TRANSCRIPTION post-transcriptional processing TRANSLATION 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]