未完成的女性意识萌芽《路得记》的寡妇叙事及其文化内涵  

Unfinished Germination of Female Consciousness-Widow Narratives and Cultural Connotation in Ruth

作　　者：黄杭西 Huang Hangxi

机构地区：[1]常州大学周有光文学院 [2]常州大学以色列文化研究中心

出　　处：《中东研究》2023年第1期39-54,281,282,共18页Middle East Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“希伯来文学经典与古代地中海文化圈内文学、文化交流研究”(15ZDB088);江苏省社会科学基金项目“美国犹太女性的大屠杀小说研究”(19WWC001);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“文明交流互鉴视角下的希伯来圣经研究”(22JDT30003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《路得记》是希伯来文学的著名作品,也是经典的希伯来寡妇叙事文本。故事通过聚焦路得和拿俄米的寡妇身份及境况,反映古代以色列寡妇群体的生存困境和精神焦虑,揭示传统寡妇救助模式的局限性,由此为寡妇摆脱困境构造了一条自救之路。同时,故事的寡妇叙事通过借鉴和吸纳民间话语元素,经由底层视角、民间传奇性和狂欢化将两位寡妇塑造为典范女性。这不仅打破了此前民族文化记忆中寡妇“缄默”的局面,而且翻转了以往由男性主导的性别关系,闪现出浓郁的女性意识萌芽意味。故事通过塑造这一独特的寡妇形象,不仅反映出古代父权制社会女性意识的萌芽,而且展现了古代希伯来及古代近东地区边缘女性群体的丰富特质。然而,在饱含男权话语规训和宰治的古代父权社会土壤里,这种女性意识的萌芽又注定是被遮蔽和未完成的。Ruth,a famous excerpt from Hebrew literature,is a classic Hebrew widow narrative.Focusing on status and living conditions of Ruth and Naomi,the story reflects the living difficulties and mental anxiety of the ancient Israeli wid-ow groups,and reveals the limitations of traditional widow-assistance mode,thus constructing a way for widows to break through the plight.Drawing on and absorb-ing the elements of folk discourse,the widow narrative shapes the two widows into role model through the perspective of the bottom,folk legend discourse and carni-valization.This not only breaks the situation of widow’s“silence”in the previous national cultural memory,but also reverses gender relationship dominated by men,thus presents an emergence of female consciousness.By shaping this unique widow image,the story not only reflects the glittering light of the female awareness in the ancient patriarchal society,but also shows the rich characteristics of the marginal female groups in the ancient Hebrew and the Near East.However,in the soil of ancient society full of patriarchal discourse,rule and dominance,this female con-sciousness is doomed to be obscured and unfinished.

关 键 词：寡妇叙事 寡妇救助模式 女性意识 民间话语 《路得记》 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]