职业本科院校现场工程师培养的逻辑向度、现实困境与路径优化  

The Logical Direction,Realistic Dilemma and Path Optimization of Field Engineer Training in Vocational Undergraduate Institutions

作　　者：刘康 徐辉[1] LIU Kang;XU Hui(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Wuyi Polytechnic,Chongqing 401320,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715 [2]重庆五一职业技术学院,重庆401320

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第6期65-76,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会职业教育教学改革重大研究项目“重庆职业院校高技能人才一体化培养研究与实践”(GZ221013);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目“技能型社会建设视域下高技能人才成长驱动因素及提升路径研究”(23SKGH473);广西高等教育本科教学改革重点课题“新工科背景下现代产业学院推进航空物流人才培养的实践教学体系改革与实践”(2022JGZ171)。

摘　　要：在技能型社会建设视域下,技能人才培养不仅是人才强国战略实施的重要抓手,还是保持国际竞争优势的有效路径。遵循当前技能型社会建设和人才强国政策逻辑,培养高质量的技能人才——现场工程师是职业本科教育这一高层次类型化教育的历史使命。从理论逻辑看,人才培养的目标与规格是准确定位职业教育类型化发展路径的依据,现场工程师的核心能力标准体系应契合其跨界性、实践性等职业属性。从实践逻辑看,国际高等工程教育改革强调“回归工程实践”,现场工程师培养须以实践性知识为核心,整体性变革人才培养模式。以全国首批32所职业本科院校321个与工程相关的专业人才培养方案为样本,分析发现当前现场工程师培养普遍存在人才培养目标和高技能劳动力需求不匹配、校企合作育人机制不健全、课程结构对接核心职业能力乏力、教学模式在支持实践性知识生长上失能以及复合型评价体系建设滞缓等问题。为此,未来应围绕现场工程师培养进行路径优化:在目标定位上,进一步强调和区域经济发展的耦合;在培养模式上,革新基于校企互融共生的现代学徒制;在课程建设上,构建符合工程岗位实践取向的模块化课程体系;在教学模式上,重塑基于现场真实工作场域的实践教学模式;在教育教学评价上,完善突出全程性质量监管的多维立体评价体系。通过路径优化,增强现场工程师对经济社会发展、产业转型升级的支撑性和适应性。In the context of building a skill-based society,the cultivation of skilled personnel is not only an important link for the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country,but also an effective path to maintain international competitive advantages.Following the logic of the current policy of building a skill-based society and strengthening the country with talents,it is the historical mission of vocational undergraduate education,a high-level typology,to train high-quality skilled personnel-field engineers.From the theoretical logic,the target specification of talent cultivation is the driving force for accurately positioning the development path of vocational education typology,and the core competence standard system of field engineers should fit its professional attributes such as cross-border and practical nature.From the perspective of practical logic,the reform of international higher engineering education emphasizes the need to“return to engineering practice”,and the cultivation of field engineers must take practical knowledge as the core and reform the talent cultivation mode in a holistic manner.Taking the talent cultivation programs of 321 engineering-related majors in the first batch of 32 vocational undergraduate colleges and universities in China as the sample for analysis,it is found that the current talent cultivation model generally suffers from the lack of adaptability of talent cultivation objectives,the inadequacy of the school-enterprise cooperative education mechanism,the weakness of the curriculum structure in aligning with core vocational competencies,the dysfunction of the teaching model in supporting the growth of practical knowledge and the slow construction of the composite evaluation system.A series of pathways should be optimized around the field engineer training mode in the future.In terms of targeting,the emphasis is on coupling with regional economic development.In terms of cultivation mode,the modern apprenticeship system based on the mutual integration and symbios

关 键 词：现场工程师 职业本科院校 人才培养模式 校企育人机制 人才强国 

分 类 号：G718[文化科学—职业技术教育学]