硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响  

Selenium affects the mycelial growth,agronomic traits,and nutritional quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata

作　　者：龚曦珊 陈青君[1] 张国庆[1] 张佳艳 赵亚京 张娇 赵敏睿 GONG Xishan;CHEN Qingjun;ZHANG Guoqing;ZHANG Jiayan;ZHAO Yajing;ZHANG Jiao;ZHAO Minrui(College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2023年第10期4522-4532,共11页Microbiology China

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(6232003);现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队项目(BAIC03-05)。

摘　　要：【背景】大球盖菇是我国新兴的食用菌栽培品种,其栽培技术简单、产量高、效益高,在农业废弃物高效转化和农民增收方面发挥重要作用。【目的】探究硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响,为富硒大球盖菇的实践生产提供依据。【方法】通过平板试验,测定添加不同质量浓度的Na_(2)SeO_(3)对菌丝生长速度和干重的影响。以木屑、稻壳、玉米芯为主要原料,添加0-10mg/kgNa_(2)SeO_(3),进行大球盖菇生料栽培试验,测定一潮菇农艺性状、营养品质和抗氧化活性。【结果】Na_(2)SeO_(3)浓度为0-10mg/L时,对大球盖菇菌丝生长速度与干重无显著影响,分别为3.74-3.76 mm/d和40.67-41.33 mg;当浓度达到15 mg/L及以上时,显著抑制菌丝生长。栽培试验结果表明,添加0-10 mg/kg Na_(2)SeO_(3)对一潮菇生物学效率无显著影响,7.5 mg/kg剂量组表现出最佳的菌盖直径、菌柄直径和单菇鲜重。子实体营养分析显示,7.5 mg/kg剂量组表现出最高的粗蛋白、粗多糖、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和谷氨酸含量。7.5-10.0 mg/kg剂量组子实体粗多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH)和羟基(hydroxy, OH)自由基清除率显著高于空白对照组。【结论】添加低剂量Na_(2)SeO_(3)能够显著改善大球盖菇子实体农艺性状和营养品质,生料栽培的最适添加剂量为7.5 mg/kg。本研究为富硒大球盖菇的实践生产提供了可靠的试验依据。[Background]Stropharia rugosoannulata is a new edible mushroom species in China.With simple cultivation methods and high yield and benefits,it plays a key role in the efficient transformation of agricultural wastes and the increase in farmers’income.[Objective]To explore the effects of selenium on the mycelial growth,agronomic traits,and nutritional quality of S.rugosoannulata and provide a basis for the production of selenium-enriched S.rugosoannulata.[Methods]The mycelial growth rate and dry weight of S.rugosoannulata treated with different concentrations of sodium selenite(Na_(2)SeO_(3))were determined by the plate culture method.The cultivation matrix composed of sawdust,rice husk,and corncob was supplemented with 0–10 mg/kg Na_(2)SeO_(3) for the cultivation test.The agronomic traits,nutritional quality,and antioxidant activity of the first batch of fruiting bodies were evaluated.[Results]The treatments with 0–10 mg/L Na_(2)SeO_(3) had no significant effects on the mycelial growth rate and dry weight,which were 3.74–3.76 mm/d and 40.67–41.33 mg,respectively.However,when the concentration of Na_(2)SeO_(3) reached 15 mg/L or above,the mycelial growth was significantly inhibited.The cultivation tests showed that the addition of 0–10 mg/kg Na_(2)SeO_(3) had no significant effects on the biological efficiency of the mushroom.The 7.5 mg/kg Na_(2)SeO_(3) group showed the best cap diameter,stipe diameter,and fresh weight of single mushroom.Moreover,this group demonstrated the highest content of crude protein,crude polysaccharides,total amino acids,essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids,delicious amino acids,and glutamate.The crude polysaccharides from fruiting bodies in the 7.5–10.0 mg/kg Na_(2)SeO_(3) groups demonstrated significantly higher DPPH and·OH free radical scavenging activities than the blank control group.[Conclusion]The addition of low-dose Na_(2)SeO_(3) could significantly improve the agronomic traits and nutritional quality of the fruiting bodies of S.rugosoannulata,and the opti

关 键 词：大球盖菇 硒 菌丝生长 农艺性状 营养品质 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]