墨家逻辑及其在中华文明话语体系建设中的重要作用  

Mohist Logic and Its Significant Role in Reconstructing the Discourse System of Chinese Civilization

作　　者：杨武金[1] 梁超 Chi Zhen(译) Yang Wujin;Liang Chao(the School of Philosophy at Renmin University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872 [2]the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences

出　　处：《孔学堂》2023年第2期4-15,I0004-I0014,共23页Confucian Academy

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果“中国古代逻辑:中华文明话语体系之根”(项目批号:23XNH163)。

摘　　要：一套可信度高、具备强大说服力、能把道理讲清楚并表达出核心价值观的话语体系,其背后一定有彰显民族特质的逻辑思维能力和科学论证方法作为强大支撑。中华文明话语体系背后的逻辑之魂,主要就是墨家逻辑。在语形层面上,墨家“故、理、类”“三物”逻辑思想构成了中华文明话语体系的说理方式;语义层面上,墨家“明是非”的取“当”求“是”思想构成中华文明话语体系中分析理性与辩证理性的统一;语用层面上,墨家“两而勿偏”的权衡思维原则构成中华文明话语体系中具有鲜明政治伦理特征的应用逻辑。A highly credible and convincing system of discourse,one which is able to articulate core values,must be supported by logical thought and scientific methods of demonstration that have evident national characteristics.This paper holds that the logical soul of the discourse system of Chinese civilization is Mohist logic.Syntactically,Mohist three-phase logic(causes,reasons,and classes)is the mode of reasoning for the discourse system of Chinese civilization;semantically,the Mohist distinguishing between right and wrong,that is,selecting the proper and striving for the right,creates the unity of analytical reason and dialectical reason in this discourse system;and pragmatically,the Mohist idea of being neither one-sided nor partial serves as the applied logic of the system,one that is remarkable for its qualities of political ethics.

关 键 词：墨家逻辑 话语体系 中华文明话语体系 中华传统文化 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]