论阳明后学对陆象山哲学思想的述评  

The Review of Lu Xiangshan’s Philosophy by Wang Yangming’s Followers

作　　者：欧阳祯人[1] Wang Xiaonong(译) Ouyang Zhenren(the Research Center for Traditional Chinese Culture at Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心,湖北武汉430064 [2]the School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University

出　　处：《孔学堂》2023年第2期54-65,I0060-I0071,共24页Confucian Academy

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“钱绪山学派、龙溪学派与近溪学派文献整理及思想研究”(项目批准号:22VJXT001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：王阳明从三个方面评价象山,第一,陆氏之学发明本心,先立乎其大,就是孟子之学;第二,陆氏之学简易直截,直承《周易》和孟子,与禅宗的关系不大;第三,在格物致知和知行合一等问题上与朱熹还有些割舍不开的地方,所以学问还不够纯粹和平,只是粗些,但是在根本问题上与自己是一致的。阳明去世以后,学界对阳明后学中某些人空谈心性、思想及行为的放荡不羁批判加剧,阳明的及门弟子和再传弟子也开始了对相关问题的自我反省。于是,为了自证清白,阳明后学加大了对象山的事功表彰的力度。阳明的及门弟子大多跟着阳明说。具有史学眼光的黄绾、张元忭、姜希辙和黄宗羲等弟子及再传弟子的评价具有历史的高度,胸怀也逐渐变得开阔起来。不过,象山的哲学是中国哲学发展历史上不可或缺的一个重要环节,阳明及其后学对象山“只是粗些”的批评有失公允。本文借助于牟宗三的相关论述对这一问题进行了必要的辨析。Wang Yangming evaluated Lu Xiangshan in three ways.First,Lu shed light on the original mind andrst established it as the great root for his learning,which indicated his adoption of Mencius’s teachings;second,his learning was simple and straightforward,coming directly from the Book of Changes and Mencius,and having little to do with Chan Buddhism;third,in such issues as the investigation of things to extend knowledge and the unity of knowledge and action,Lu did not completely separate himself from Zhu Xi.His learning,therefore,was not pure and well-conceived enough,but it was self-consistent on the fundamental issues.After Wang Yangming passed away,some of his followers engaged in empty talk about the inherent nature and mind,and their ideas and behaviors were unrestrained,prompting intense criticism from scholarly circles.Faced with this predicament,the disciples who were directly taught by Wang and their disciples began to re ect on themselves with regard to these problems.As a result,Wang Yangming’s followers commended Lu’s achievements more highly in order to prove their own innocence.Some of them,such as Huang Wan,Zhang Yuanbian,Jiang Xizhe,and Huang Zongxi,showed their historical insight by judging Lu from a historical height and increasingly broadened their own minds.Nevertheless,since Lu’s philosophy is an indispensable link in the history of Chinese philosophy,when Wang and his followers criticized it as“just a little coarse,”they did not do it justice.By drawing on relevant discourses of Mou Zongsan,this article attempts to observe and analyze the review of Lu’s philosophy by Wang Yangming’s followers.

关 键 词：王阳明 陆象山 朱陆之争 阳明后学 历史定位 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B244.8