隧道群不同间距对驾驶人视觉特性影响研究  

Influence of Different Spacing of Tunnel Group on Drivers’ Visual Characteristics

作　　者：连冠 尚婷[2] 夏瑜 唐伯明[1] LIAN Guan;SHANG Ting;XIA Yu;TANG Boming(School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;School of Traffic&Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;China Road&Bridge Corporation,Beijing 100011,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [3]中国路桥工程有限责任公司,北京100011

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期179-189,共11页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52172341);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJCZH143);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS22396)。

摘　　要：为研究隧道群不同间距对驾驶人视觉特性的影响,选取了5个不同间距的隧道群路段进行实车试验,采集了28名驾驶人的眼动数据.采用瞳孔面积变化率、瞬时瞳孔面积变化速度、注视点一步转移概率矩阵等指标,分别从驾驶人视觉适应性、视觉舒适性和注视点转移规律3个方面对比分析了不同间距影响下视觉特性的差异.试验结果表明:驾驶人在隧道群不同间距路段的视觉特性变化规律存在一定共性,但隧道间距显著影响驾驶人视觉特性.随着隧道间距增大,瞳孔面积变化率分布区间范围逐渐减小,由区间范围为-70%~50%减小至区间范围为-40%~0%,且瞳孔面积变化率变化趋势趋于平稳;瞬时瞳孔面积变化速度总体呈现先上升、后倾向“M形”平稳波动、再上升的趋势,上升的突变点集中在上、下游隧道洞口处,极值点在上游隧道外20~30 m处和下游隧道内30~50 m处,且下游隧道入口段对驾驶人的视觉舒适性影响较大;驾驶人在隧道群连接段的注视点主要集中在道路近前方区域和后视镜区域而无法分散至道路其他区域,且隧道间距较小时,对于其他区域的“重复注视”的概率小于10%.研究成果可以为隧道群连接段安全设施设计及交通组织设计提供一定的理论参考依据.In order to study the influence of different distances between tunnel group on visual characteristics,5 tunnel group sections with different distances were selected to conduct real vehicle tests and the eye movement data of 28 drivers were collected.The differences of visual characteristics were compared and analyzed from three aspects:drivers' visual adaptability,visual comfort and gaze point transfer law by using the indexes of pupil area change rate,and the transient velocity value of pupil area and gaze point one-step transfer probability matrix.The results showed that there are some commonalities in the variation of drivers' visual characteristics in different tunnel spacing sections,but tunnel spacing significantly affects drivers' visual characteristics.With the increase of the distance,the distribution range of pupil area change rate gradually decreases from-70%—50% to-40%—0%,and the change trend of pupil area change rate tends to be stable.The transient velocity value of pupil area showed a trend of rising first,then tending to “M” stable fluctuation,and then rising.The rising mutation point was concentrated at the upper and lower tunnel doors,and the peak value appeared at 20—30 m outside the upper tunnel and 30—50 m inside the lower tunnel.The lower tunnel entrance section has greater visual impact on the driver than the upper tunnel exit section.The driver's fixation points in the tunnel group connection section are mainly concentrated in the near-front area and the rearview mirror area of the road and cannot be dispersed to other areas of the road,and when the tunnel spacing is small,the probability of “repeated fixation” for other areas is less than 10%.The research results can provide theoretical basis for the safety facilities design and traffic organization design of tunnel group connection section.

关 键 词：交通安全 隧道群连接段 视觉特性 实车试验 马尔可夫模型 

分 类 号：U491.25[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U453[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]