用单摆测量液体粘滞系数的实验设计与讨论  

Experimental Design and Discussion on Measuring the Viscosity Coefficient of Liquid Using a Single Pendulum

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作  者:张声遥 曾志强[1] 柳福提[1] 宛俊杰 陈鹏[1] ZHANG Shengyao;ZENG Zhiqiang;LIU Futi;WAN Junjie;CHEN Peng(Department of Physics,Yibin College,Yibin,Sichuan 644007)

机构地区:[1]宜宾学院理学部,四川宜宾644000

出  处:《物理通报》2023年第11期111-115,共5页Physics Bulletin

基  金:宜宾学院应用型示范课程力学建设项目,项目编号:XYYSFKC202008;四川省一流本科课程热学建设项目,项目编号:SYLKC202102;宜宾学院教学改革项目,项目编号:JGZ201809。

摘  要:基于单摆的阻尼振动设计了一种新颖的方案来测量液体粘滞系数,对实验原理与实验过程进行了详细阐述,以空气、水和菜籽油作为被测对象进行了实验,测出常温下空气、水和菜籽油的粘滞系数分别为8.78×10^(-4) Pa·s、2.30×10^(-2) Pa·s和1.06×10^(-1) Pa·s.该方案既可解决“落球法”测液体粘滞系数实验的不足,也可以生动直观地显示液体的粘滞阻力对小球运动的影响,加深学生对物理概念与规律的理解,培养学生的创新意识与能力.this article designed a novel experiment to measure the liquid viscosity based on the damped vibration of a simple pendulum.In this experiment the viscosity coefficients of air,water and rapeseed oil were measured as examples to illustrate the measurement principle and process in details.The experiment results showed that the viscosity coefficients of air,water and rapeseed oil were 8.78×10^(-4) Pa·s、2.30×10^(-2) Pa·s and 1.06×10^(-1) Pa·s,respectively.Thus,the novel experiment design could not only avoid the disadvantages of conventional falling ball method,but also be able to illustrate the influence of liquid viscosity on motion intuitively.It was very helpful to enhance the understanding and creativity of students in physics teaching.

关 键 词:液体粘滞系数 单摆 阻尼振动 

分 类 号:O357[理学—流体力学]

 

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