播期对鲜食糯玉米商品质量与食用品质影响初探  

Preliminary Study on Effects of Sowing Date on Commodity Quality and Edible Quality of Fresh Waxy Maize

作　　者：李辛琲 曹庆军[1] 陈莫军[1] 杨浩 杨粉团[1] 孔凡丽 苏德悦 李刚[1] LI Xinbei;CAO Qingjun;CHEN Mojun;YANG Hao;YANG Fentuan;KONG Fanli;SU Deyue;LI Gang(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Aff airs,Changchun 130062,China;Agriculture College of Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院/农业农村部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,吉林长春130062 [2]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第10期30-36,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022RCY013,CXGC2021ZY027);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210302007NC,20230202041NC)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究播期对吉林省鲜食糯玉米商品质量与食用品质的影响,为提高鲜食糯玉米加工产能提供理论依据。【方法】以市场主推品种‘万糯2000’为试验材料,设置5月12日(SD1)、5月26日(SD2)、6月9日(SD3)、6月22日(SD4)4个播期处理,研究不同播期处理下鲜食糯玉米主要商品质量(果穗长度、秃尖长、穗粗、行粒数、穗粒数)与食用品质(种皮厚度、皮渣率、物性品质)性状的变化规律。【结果】播期能显著影响鲜食玉米的单穗鲜质量、果穗长度、穗粗、穗粒数、皮渣率以及硬度、粘聚性与胶着度等性状指标,而对出籽率、秃尖长、行粒数及种皮厚度等指标无显著影响。随播期推迟,单穗鲜质量、果穗长度、穗粗、穗粒数等性状表现先升高后降低趋势,均在SD3处理下达到最大,分别是早播(SD1)的1.23、1.09、1.08和1.13倍,较晚播(SD4)相对提高了13.10%、5.94%、3.53%和8.06%;而皮渣率、硬度和胶着度等食用品质表现出先降低后升高趋势;种皮厚度随播期推迟表现出逐渐升高趋势,但处理间差异未达显著水平。相关分析表明,鲜食糯玉米皮渣率与籽粒弹性间存在正相关性,种皮厚度与籽粒粘聚性存在负相关关系。【结论】生产中应注意不同播期下鲜食糯玉米商品性与食用品质的变化,适宜播期(SD3)利于协调鲜食糯玉米商品质量与食用品质,早播(SD1)或晚播(SD4)均不利于商品质量和食用品质的提升。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of varies sowing dates on the traits of commodity quality and edible quality of fresh waxy maize and to improve the processing capacity of fresh waxy maize in Jilin Province.【Method】A field experiment with four sowing date were set up on May 12(SD1),May 26(SD2),June 9(SD3)and June 22(SD4)and the mainly popularized waxy maize variety‘Wannuo2000’was used.The main commodity qualities,such as ear length,bald tip length,ear diameter,grain number per row,grain number per ear,as well as the edible quality(seed coat thickness,residue rate,physical quality)were measured with each treatment.【Result】Sowing date could significantly affect the traits of fresh weight of single ear,ear length,ear diameter,grain number per ear,residue rate,hardness,cohesiveness and gumminess of fresh waxy maize,whereas had no significant effect on seed yield,bald tip length,grain number per row and seed coat thickness.With the delay of sowing date,the fresh weight of single ear,ear length,ear diameter and grain number per ear increased first and then decreased,all of which reached the maximum under SD3 treatment,which were 1.23,1.09,1.08 and 1.13 times of those higher than those of early sowing(SD1),and 13.10%,5.94%,3.53%and 8.06%higher than those of late sowing(SD4).The edible quality such as residue rate,hardness and gumminess showed decreased first and then increased.The seed coat thickness increased gradually with the delaying sowing date,although the difference between treatments was not significant.Correlation analysis showed there was a positive correlation between the residue rate of fresh corn and grain elasticity,while showed a negative correlation between seed coat thickness and grain cohesion.【Conclusion】More attention should be paid to these changes of commercial and edible qualities with different sowing dates in fresh waxy maize production.Optimum sowing date(SD3)is beneficial to coordinating the commercial and edible qualities of fresh waxy corn,while sowi

关 键 词：鲜食糯玉米 播种日期 商品质量 食用品质 种皮厚度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]