《穷人》中的贫困经济学及其相关问题  

Poverty Economics and Relevant Issues in Dostoevsky's Poor Folk

作　　者：万海松[1] WAN Haisong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2023年第4期118-128,150,共12页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“陀思妥耶夫斯基书信文本研究”(项目编号:19BWW042)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：书信体小说《穷人》是陀思妥耶夫斯基以文学来描写穷人群体和贫困现象的首次尝试,它以男女主人公的通信和回忆等,构建起一幅都市小人物们整体贫困的日常生活背景。小说细致地描绘出在拜金主义盛行的欲望社会,穷人所面临的物质与精神双重贫困考验的普遍境遇,展现了他们如何看待和应付贫困的方式与手段,以此彰显穷人们某些固有的和应有的珍贵品格。《穷人》中反映出的贫困经济学及其相关问题,凝聚着陀思妥耶夫斯基早年在物质与精神、现实与幻想之间应保持适度平衡等思想的结晶。Dostoevsky's epistolary novel Poor Folk is his first literary attempt to describe the impoverished group and poverty phenomenon.With letters between the hero and the heroine and their memories,the novel accomplishes the construction of a daily life background of overall poverty for urban nonentity.By meticulous depiction of the universal situation,namely,the dual challenges of material poverty and spiritual poverty,faced by the impoverished group in a desire society which is prevalent of mammonism,the novel unfolds how the poor view poverty and their ways to cope with poverty,thereby highlighting the precious moral character that the poor are born with and should have.Overall,the poverty economics and relevant issues reflected in Poor Folk manifest the crystallization of Dostoevsky's early thoughts on maintaining a moderate balance between material and spirit,as well as reality and fantasy.

关 键 词：陀思妥耶夫斯基 《穷人》 贫困经济学 物质贫困 精神贫困 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]