新高考投档方式对本科专业生源质量的影响——基于15省(市)高考录取数据的实证分析  

The Impact of the New Gaokao Archive Submission Modes on the Enrollment Quality of Majors within Undergraduate Universities:Evidence from Admissions Data of 15 Provinces

作　　者：吴宇川[1] 丁延庆 许锐[1] 李菊 WU Yuchuan;DING Yanqing;XU Rui;LI Ju(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871 [2]中央财经大学,北京100081

出　　处：《中国考试》2023年第11期73-84,共12页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：新高考投档方式通过缩小投档单位与录取单位之间的差异,可以释放考生的专业偏好、减少保守填报行为,并对本科专业生源质量产生影响。基于2016—2021年15省(市)的高考录取数据统计,通过双向固定效应模型分析得出3点结论:1)改革不仅提升了高偏好专业的生源质量,也提升了本科专业整体生源质量的平均水平;2)改革后不同专业生源质量的变化方向并不相同,高偏好专业相对低偏好专业在生源竞争中更具优势;3)选考科目要求相对严格的专业,其生源质量在改革中更容易受到冲击。基于上述结果,提出应加强对基础学科专业生源质量的监测与支持、设置专业选考科目要求时要平衡生源质量与学科发展之间的关系、规范高校以热带冷策略工具的使用等3方面建议。By narrowing the difference between the archive submission unit and the admission unit,the new Gaokao archive submission mode can release candidates'preferences for majors,reduce the conservative behavior of candidates when filling in their preferences,and thus affect the enrollment quality of majors within undergraduate universities.Based on the statistics of Gaokao in 15 provinces from 2016 to 2021,this paper draws three conclusions through the analysis of the two-way fixed effects model:1)the reform not only improves the enrollment quality of the high-preference majors but also improves the average level of the overall enrollment quality of majors within undergraduate universities;2)after the reform,the enrollment quality of different majors have different changing directions,and the high-preference majors have more advantages in the competition for students than low-preference majors,and 3)the enrollment quality of majors with relatively stricter subject requirements is more vulnerable to the impact of the reform.Based on the results,this paper puts forward three suggestions:strengthening the monitoring and support of the enrollment quality of basic disciplines,balancing the enrollment quality and discipline development when setting the subject requirements for majors,and regulating the use of the"hot and cold"strategy tools by colleges and universities.

关 键 词：新高考 高考改革 投档方式 生源质量 平行志愿 双向固定效应模型 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]