生酮饮食在代谢疾病治疗的应用及方案研究进展  

Progress in the Application and Scheme of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

作　　者：李钰琦 周永波[1,2] 单勇军 黄世英 周立新 李健 LI Yuqi;ZHOU Yongbo;SHAN Yongjun;HUANG Shiying;ZHOU Lixin;LI Jian(College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food,Xiamen 361021,China;Dazhou Xinyan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361006,China;The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门361021 [2]福建省海洋功能食品工程技术研究中心,福建厦门361021 [3]大洲新燕(厦门)生物科技有限公司,福建厦门361006 [4]厦门医学院附属第二医院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2023年第22期352-359,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：福建省高校产学合作重点项目(2021N5003);厦门市科技项目(2022CXY0309);福建省教育教学研究重大项目(FBJG20220205);全国农业教指委面上课题(2021-NYYB-20)。

摘　　要：生酮饮食作为一种低碳水化合物、高脂肪辅以适当蛋白质的饮食模式,最早应用于治疗难治性癫痫,后被证实在一些代谢性疾病及神经退行性疾病中有一定作用。目前生酮饮食的疗效已得到验证,但在作用机制方面缺乏系统性阐述。因此本文对生酮饮食的发展、在代谢疾病治疗的应用情况(Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝及痛风)、推荐饮食方案及不良反应进行了综述,从改善应激反应和肠道微生物方面证实了生酮饮食可作为代谢性疾病的辅助治疗方案。推荐使用经典生酮饮食、中链甘油三酯饮食、改良Atkins饮食及低血糖生成指数治疗作为生酮饮食方案,总结了生酮饮食在代谢、胃肠道及泌尿系统三方面的不良反应及禁忌症,同时汇总了生酮饮食相关产品的发明专利,为后续产品开发及作为治疗辅助方案做了铺垫与展望。Ketogenic diets have been shown to play a role in some metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases as a low-carbohydrate,high-fat diets supplemented with appropriate protein.Ketogenic diets have been proven effective,but the mechanisms of action are still unclear.Therefore,this paper summarizes the development of the ketogenic diet,its application in the treatment of metabolic diseases(typeⅡdiabetes,obesity,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and gout),recommended diet plans and adverse reactions,and confirms that the ketogenic diet can be used as an adjunct therapy for metabolic diseases in terms of improving stress response and the intestinal microbiome.The classic ketogenic diet,medium-chain triglyceride,modified Atkins diet,and low glycemic index treatment are recommended as ketogenic diet programs.The adverse reactions of the ketogenic diet in metabolism,gastrointestinal tract,urinary system,and contraindications are summarized.This paper also summarizes the invention patents of ketogenic diet-related products,which paved the way and prospected for the subsequent product development and as an auxiliary treatment program.

关 键 词：生酮饮食 代谢性疾病 作用机制 饮食方案 

分 类 号：R459.3[医药卫生—治疗学]