六顶思考帽对学生问题解决能力与协作编程能力的影响——以小学Scratch编程PBL教学为例  

The Impact of Six Thinking Hats on Students’Problem-Solving and Collaborative Programming Competence:A Case Study of PBL Teaching in Scratch Programming in Primary School

作　　者：王路路 黄渊博 蒋淑琪 郑晓丽[1] JIANG Shuqiand ZHENG Xiaoli;WANG Lulu;HUANG Yuanbo;JIANG Shuqi;ZHENG Xiaoli(Research Institute of STEM education,Department of Educational Technology,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,China;Department of Education,Chonnam National University,Gwangju 500757,Korea;University of Wenzhou-Kean,Wenzhou 325060,China;Yuxi High School,Taizhou 317300,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学教育技术学系温州大学STEM教育研究所,浙江温州325035 [2]韩国全南国立大学师范大教育学系,韩国光州500757 [3]温州肯恩大学,浙江温州325060 [4]仙居县盂溪中学,浙江台州317300

出　　处：《开放学习研究》2023年第5期22-30,共9页Journal of Open Learning

基　　金：2022年度浙江省“十四五”研究生教育改革项目:数智赋能精准教研导向的“教育科学中的实验设计与数据分析”(项目编号:334号)的研究成果。

摘　　要：目前项目式教学法(PBL)已广泛应用于各个学科,然而现有的PBL教学实践普遍存在小组合作形式化、成员合作意识淡薄等现象,极大地影响了学生问题解决的成效。如何帮助学习者提高问题解决能力是目前存在的一个关键且具有挑战性的问题。六顶思考帽以“帽子”形象化的比喻引领学生“平行思考”,让学生混乱的思维变得清晰,为人际沟通提供了操作框架,使得团体中无意义的争论变成集思广益的创造,极大地提高了问题解决效率。本研究借助六顶思考帽为小学信息技术PBL教学提供支架来提高学生的问题解决能力与协作编程能力。本研究以61位小学五年级学生为被试对象,开展“Scratch编程”课程的PBL教学实验,并将基于六顶思考帽的PBL教学模式和传统PBL教学模式分别在实验班和对照班实施。数据结果表明,基于六顶思考帽的PBL教学模式较之传统的PBL教学模式能够显著提高学生的问题解决能力和协作编程能力。本研究为今后开展有效的PBL教学提供了教学策略的参考,为今后开展关于问题解决能力、协作编程能力培养的相关研究提供了方法启示。PBL teaching method has been widely used in various subjects whereas its existing practices generally show formalization of group cooperation and weak cooperation consciousness,which greatly affects students’problem-solving effectiveness.Helping learners to improve their problem-solving ability is a key and challenging issue.Six Thinking Hats,guiding students to“parallel thinking”with the figurative metaphor of“hat”,may clear students’confused thinking,provide an operational framework for interpersonal communication,turn meaningless arguments into group brainstorming creations,and greatly improve the problem-solving efficiency.This article showed how six thinking hats were used to provide scaffolds for primary school information technology PBL teaching to improve students problem-solving and collaborative programming ability.61 fifth-grade primary students were invited in a PBL teaching experiment of“scratch programming”course,with PBL teaching mode based on six thinking hats and traditional PBL teaching mode taken in experimental class and control class respectively.Results show that PBL teaching model based on six thinking hats could significantly improve students’problem-solving and collaborative programming ability,compared with traditional PBL teaching mode.It is expected to provide strategic reference for effective PBL teaching,and to provide insights for future research on problem-solving and collaborative programming ability cultivation.

关 键 词：六顶思考帽 问题解决能力 协作编程能力 PBL 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]