人工智能与企业内工资差距:任务偏向还是技能偏向  

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE INTRA-ENTERPRISE WAGE GAP:TASK BIAS OR SKILL BIAS

作　　者：姚笛 陈东[1] 郑玉璐 YAO Di;CHEN Dong;ZHENG Yulu(School of Economics, Shandong University;School of Business, China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,250100 [2]中国政法大学商学院

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2023年第9期99-112,共14页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(21BJY097);山东大学人文社科重大项目(19RWZD03)的资助。

摘　　要：鉴于人工智能在生产中的运用主要通过工业机器人实现,且会导致企业内不同劳动者之间的工资差距发生变动,本文采用2010—2019年中国上市公司数据,考察机器人应用对企业内工资差距的偏向性影响及其作用机制。研究发现:机器人应用显著扩大了企业内任务工资差距和技能工资差距,但任务偏向较之技能偏向更为明显;这一现象在发展速度较慢和劳动密集度较高的行业中尤为突出;机器人应用的生产率效应是导致企业内任务工资差距扩大的主因,虽然劳动要素错配以损失部分生产率效应为代价,但会在一定程度上缓解企业内任务工资差距的扩大。本文认为加大对不同类型劳动者再收入分配政策的调节力度,是实现企业内“共同富裕”的重要途径。Since the application of AI in production is mainly realized by industrial robots,and will lead to changes in the intra-enterprise wage gap among different workers,this paper uses the data of 2010-2019 Chinese listed companies to investigate the biased impact of robot application on the intra-enterprise wage gap and its mechanism.It is found that robot application significantly widens the intra-enterprise task wage gap and skill wage gap,but the task bias is more pronounced than the skill bias.This phenomenon is particularly prominent in industries with slower development and higher labor intensity.The productivity effect of robot application is the main reason for the expansion of intra-enterprise task wage gap.Although the mismatch of labor factors cut down part of the productivity effect,it will alleviate the expansion of intra-enterprise task wage gap to a certain extent.This paper emphasizes that increasing the regulation of income distribution policies for different types of workers is an important way to achieve intra-enterprise “common prosperity”.

关 键 词：人工智能 企业内工资差距 任务偏向 技能偏向 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F832.51[经济管理—国民经济] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]