略论早期儒家“性”范畴的特质  

On the Characteristics of the Category of "Human Nature" in Early Confucianism

作　　者：任鹏程 REN Pengcheng(Shandong Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Jinan 250001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心,济南250001

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2023年第5期70-76,共7页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：山东省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心人才引进项目:“习近平总书记关于中华优秀传统文化的重要论述研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“性”是儒家哲学中的核心范畴。在早期儒家看来,“性”至少具有六层特质。从构字学角度看,“性”与“生”有关,指人初生的自然状态。从本原性角度看,能够生的东西,古人以为便是天,“性”乃天性。从质料性角度看,天能生又与气有关,天含有气并能生物,“性”含气。从物理性角度看,气具有物理属性,“性”含气,因而“性”具物理属性。从规定性的角度看,材质有质的属性,“性”即是人之为人者。同时,“性”始终与“心”“情”“欲”“命”等范畴纠缠着,这表明早期儒家人性范畴的复杂多变。"Human nature" is the core category in Confucian philosophy.In the view of early Confucianism,"human nature" has at least six characteristics.From the perspective of word formation,"human nature" is related to "birth",which refers to the natural state of human at birth.From the original perspective,the ancient people thought that what could be born was heaven,that is,human nature is nature.From the perspective of material property,the heaven can give birth and also is related to Qi.Heaven contains Qi and can give birth,that is,human nature contains Qi.From the physical perspective,Qi has physical property,that is,human nature contains Qi,so has physical property.From the perspective of regulation,material has its qualitative attributes,and human nature is what people are.In addition,"human nature" has always been entangled with the categories of "heart","emotions","desire" and "life",which shows the complexity and variability of the category of human nature in the early Confucianism.

关 键 词：早期儒家 人性 生命 材质 属性 情欲 

分 类 号：B232[哲学宗教—中国哲学]