从德性论看公民在疫情防控中的容忍义务  

On the tolerance obligation of citizens in epidemic prevention and control:From the perspective of virtue theory

作　　者：骆正言[1] Luo Zhengyan(School of Public Administration of Jiangsu Open University,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏开放大学公共管理学院,南京210036

出　　处：《中国卫生法制》2023年第6期22-27,76,共7页China Health Law

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目“《资本论》中的法理及其现代意义研究”(19BFX002);国家社科基金重大项目“新时代中国改革创新试验的法治问题研究”(18ZDA134)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：针对疫情防控的政策,不同的群体经常出现观点上的分歧,其原因值得探究。经研究发现分歧的原因在于双方秉承不同的法律理论,也即应急法和常态法,两种法律理论分别对应着不同的伦理基础,也即德性论和道义论。前者主张集体利益、国家利益更高,个人要为共同体做牺牲。后者主张个人利益优先,国家、集体应该为个人服务。鉴于中国独特的历史传统和西方国家的治理弊病,中国社会的治理应该秉持德性论的伦理主张。当疫情蔓延严重威胁大多数人的安全时,作为个人应该尊重国家行使紧急权,采取隔离“封城”等严格的疫情防控政策。国家也应该在疫情防控过程中尊重个人的人格尊严,尽量少用扣押财物、“封门落锁”的强制措施。国家还应该依法征调公民参与疫情防控,缓解疫情防控中的人手不足问题,并对疫情防控中牺牲或受损失的个人给予补偿。For the policy of epidemic prevention and control,ordinary people and jurists often have different views,and the reasons are worth exploring.Through research,it is found that the reason for the differences is that the two sides uphold different legal theories,namely emergency law and normal law.The two legal theories correspond to different ethical bases,namely virtue theory and morality theory.The former advocates that collective interests and national interests are higher,and individuals should make sacrifices for the community.The latter advocates the priority of individual interests,and the state and the collective should serve individuals.In view of the unique historical tradition of China and the governance shortcomings of western countries,the governance of Chinese society should adhere to the ethical proposition of virtue theory.When the spread of the epidemic seriously threatens the safety of most people,individuals should respect the state's emergency power and adopt strict epidemic prevention and control policies,such as quarantine and lockdown.The state should also respect the personal dignity of individuals in the process of epidemic prevention and control,and try to minimize the use of coercive measures such as seizing property and"locking the door".The State should also abide by the law in recruiting citizens to participate in epidemic prevention and control,alleviate the shortage of staff in epidemic prevention and control,and compensate those who have sacrificed or suffered in epidemic prevention and control.

关 键 词：疫情防控 伦理 应急法 紧急状态 德性论 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]