经学传承与家风养成:以魏晋南北朝为中心的考察  

Inheritance of Confucian Classics and Cultivation of Family Tradition:An Investigation Centered on Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

作　　者：孙杰[1] SUN Jie(School of Education Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2023年第6期14-21,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学一般课题“中国古代教育经典文本研究的双重路径”(BOA200047)。

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝经学研习与传承的突出特点就是以家族为中心。以家族为中心的经学研习与传承,从源头上可追溯至儒家学派创始人孔子及其家族后人。在官学衰败与家学兴盛的背景下,世家大族开创了以家族模式来传承学术、培育子弟的教育体系。家风和家学是家族教育体系的两大要目,是实现家族门第世代传承的核心要素。世家大族对于《孝经》与三《礼》的研习与传承,推动了《孝经》与三《礼》学方面的理论研究和实践探索,养成了士族子弟孝友之内行的家族风操。累世经学与累世公卿之间的相互因袭,再加上儒家经学与士族门第之间存在的天然亲和力,使得儒家思想成为家族的核心思想信仰,儒家经学成为家族的核心家学内容。世家大族在家训中所秉持的教人之方与为人处世之道,同样是以儒家修齐治平思想为核心,并落实在家族子弟日常生活的言语行为之中。以家族为中心的经学传习,延续了因官学兴废而时有中断的官方经学传承,这就是魏晋南北朝经学的历史使命。The prominent feature of the study and inheritance of Confucian classics in the Wei(220AD-266AD),Jin(265AD-420AD)and Southern and Northern Dynasties(420AD-589AD)is that it is centered on family.The study and inheritance of Confucian classics centered on family can be traced back to Confucius,the founder of Confucianism,and his descendants.Under the background of the decline of official education and the prosperity of family education,big families created an education system to inherit academic knowledge and cultivate their children in the family model.Family ethics and family learning are the two main objectives of family education system and the core elements of family inheritance.The study and inheritance of the Classic of Filial Piety and the three Rites(Book of Rites,Rites of Zhou,and Etiquette and Ceremonial)by the big families promoted the theoretical research and practical exploration of the relevant studies,and cultivated the family ethics of filial piety practiced by the children of the scholars.The mutual inheritance between the Confucian Classics and the Confucian officials,coupled with the natural affinity between the Confucian classics and the gentry,makes Confucianism the core thought and belief of the family,and the Confucian Classics the core family learning content.The way of teaching and the way of dealing with people in family precepts are also based on the Confucian thought of self⁃improvement,family⁃regulation and country⁃administration,and are put into practice in the speech and acts in the daily life of the children of the family.The inheritance of Confucian classics with family as the center continued the inheritance of official Confucian classics which was interrupted from time to time due to the rise and fall of official Confucian classics.This was the historical mission of Confucian classics in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.

关 键 词：魏晋南北朝经学 家族 家风 家学 家训 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]