母语字母负迁移对汉语学习者汉字书写偏误的影响分析  

The Influence of Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue Letters on Chinese Learners' Writing Errors

作　　者：熊珈玄 XIONG Jiaxuan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2023年第26期43-46,共4页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

摘　　要：该文以母语字母负迁移导致的留学生汉字书写偏误为研究对象,从中山大学汉语连续性中介语语料库中收集了以英语为母语的汉语学习者的此类汉字偏误实例89例,274频次。通过实例分析发现:母语字母的负迁移多发生于部件层面;笔画相接型构件最可能出现母语字母负迁移类偏误;偏误形式主要包括用圆弧类笔画误代直线笔画、变换笔际关系和变换部件置向;偏误具有顽固性,偏误数量不随学习者汉语水平提升而减少。通过对留学生回访及结合认知心理学的研究成果,该文发现母语字母负迁移的发生与学习者主观认识有密切关系,同时还受汉字通透性、笔画数、字频及教师教学中连笔书写等因素影响。最后针对此类偏误提出具体教学建议,以期为留学生汉字学习与教学提供参考。This paper examines the writing errors of Chinese characters made by English-speaking students due to negative transfer of mother tongue letters.A total of 89 examples of such errors were collected from the Chinese Interlanguage Corpus at Sun Yat-sen University,with a frequency of 274 instances.By analyzing these examples,it was found that negative transfer of mother tongue letters mainly occurred at the component level,with stroke-joining components being the most likely to exhibit such errors.The forms of these errors mainly include using curved strokes to replace straight strokes,changing the stroke order,and changing the orientation of components.Furthermore,these errors are persistent and do not decrease with the improvement of learners'Chinese proficiency.Through follow-up interviews with the students and combining with research results in cognitive psychology,it was found that the occurrence of negative transfer of mother tongue letters is closely related to learners'subjective awareness,as well as factors such as character transparency,stroke count,character frequency,and teaching methods that emphasize stroke linking.Finally,this paper provides specific teaching suggestions for such errors,aiming to provide references for Chinese character learning and teaching for international students.

关 键 词：英文字母 母语负迁移 汉字偏误 认知心理学 部件 笔画 

分 类 号：H19[语言文字—汉语]