两种不同工艺冷冻干燥沙棘粉品质对比研究  

Comparative Study on Quality of Sea Buckthorn Powder Freeze-Dried by Two Different Processes

作　　者：方贵平 李旋 王雅[2] 刘春海 岳丽华 刘佳 毕金峰[1] FANG Guiping;LI Xuan;WANG Ya;LIU Chunhai;YUE Lihua;LIU Jia;BI Jinfeng(Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing,Ministruy of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193;School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Chengde Yuhangren Alpine Plant Application Technology Co.Ltd,Chengde,Hebei 068451)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京100193 [2]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [3]承德宇航人高山植物应用技术有限责任公司,河北承德068451

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第11期2214-2225,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(216228011)。

摘　　要：沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)富含多种有益的功能活性物质。为提高沙棘功能性组分保留率和制品综合品质,本研究利用低温升华(20℃)真空冷冻干燥(FD-1)和高温升华(60℃)真空冷冻干燥(FD-2)两种冻干工艺制备沙棘粉,测定沙棘粉的各项指标,通过对沙棘粉品质指标、香气和挥发性成分、小分子活性组分建立数学模型进行因子分析。结果表明,FD-1制备的沙棘粉在L、a、b、维生素C含量、流动速率敏感度(FRI)、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率、铁离子还原力(FRAP)指标上优于FD-2,主要反映沙棘粉的色泽和抗氧化活性;FD-2在特别流动能、总流动能、剪切性、类胡萝卜素、压缩性方面优于FD-1,主要反映沙棘粉的粉体特性。小分子代谢组分分析中共检测出68种化合物,因子分析结果显示,FD-1中特征性组分为丹酚酸A、异抗坏血酸、异鼠李素、表没食子儿茶素等;FD-2中特征性组分为[6]-姜酚、异鼠李素3-新橙皮苷、酒石酸、维生素C、槲皮苷等,证明不同冻干工艺制备的沙棘粉活性组分有明显差异。两种沙棘粉在挥发性成分上也有较大差异,挥发性组分共检测出153种化合物,FD-1的特征性组分为壬醛、3-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯、异戊酸异戊酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯等;FD-2的特征性成分为异丙醇、二甲基二硫醚、苯乙醛等,表明冷冻干燥升温工艺参数的差别对沙棘粉挥发性物质组成的影响较明显。综合对比两种冻干工艺条件下沙棘粉在色泽、粉体特性、功能性组分、抗氧化活性和挥发性成分等方面的差异,20℃低温升华真空冷冻干燥沙棘粉的综合品质整体显著优于60℃高温升华真空冷冻干燥。本研究结果为高品质沙棘粉冷冻干燥产品的开发提供了理论依据和技术支撑。Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoids L.)is rich in a variety of beneficial functional active substances.In order to improve the retention rate of its functional components and the comprehensive quality of its products,sea buckthorn powder was prepared by two freeze-drying processes:low-temperature sublimation(20℃)vacuum freeze-drying(FD-1)and high-temperature sublimation(60℃)vacuum freeze-drying(FD-2).Various indexes of sea buckthorn powder were determined,and factor analysis was carried out by establishing mathematical models for quality indexes,aroma,volatile components and small-molecule active components of sea buckthorn powder.The results showed that the content of L,a,b,vitamin C,FRI(flow rate sensitivity),DPPH(DPPH free radical clearance),ABTS(ABTS free radical clearance),FRAP(iron ion reducing power)of sea buckthorn powder prepared by FD-1 was superior to that of FD-2,which mainly reflected the color and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn powder.FD-2 is superior to FD-1 in the specific flow energy,total flow energy,shear property,carotenoid and compressibility,which mainly reflects the powder characteristics of sea buckthorn powder.A total of 68 compounds were detected by small molecule metabolic component analysis.Factor analysis showed that the characteristic groups in FD-1 were salvianolic acid A,iso-ascorbic acid,iso-rhamnetin,epigallocatechin,etc.The characteristic groups in FD-2 were divided into[6]-gingerol,isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidin,tartaric acid,vitamin C,quercetin,etc.It was proved that the active components of sea buckthorn powder prepared by different lyophilization processes had significant differences.There were also significant differences in the volatile components of the two seabuckthorn powders.153 volatile components were detected.The characteristic groups of FD-1 were nonaldehyde,2-methyl-butyl 3-methylbutyrate,isoamyl isovalerate,ethyl 3-methyl-butyrate,etc.The characteristic components of FD-2 are isopropyl alcohol,dimethyl disulfide,phenacetaldehyde,etc.,which indicates that t

关 键 词：沙棘粉 冷冻干燥 粉体特性 功能特性 品质评价 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]