英国缓解中小学教师短缺的创新性政策研究——基于《教师招聘和留任策略》的探析  

Research on Innovative Policy to Reduce Teacher Shortages in the UK--Based on the Analysis on“Teacher Recruitment and Retention Strategy”

作　　者：崔慧丽 CUI Huili(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《现代教育科学》2023年第6期44-51,共8页Modern Education Science

基　　金：江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度课题“高校新进思想政治理论课教师教学能力研究”(项目编号:C-c/2021/01/09);教育部2022年度高校思想政治理论课教师研究专项一般项目“伟大建党精神融入高校思政课教学体系构建与实践研究”(项目编号:22JDSZK176)。

摘　　要：教师短缺是一个困扰全球教育界的重要问题。近年来,由于繁重的工作量,教师压力加大;新教师在职业初期留任困难;教师职业在劳动力市场中的竞争力较弱;教师申请程序和教师培训流程复杂等问题,英国出现教师短缺现象。为此,2019年英国政府颁布《教师招聘和留任策略》来解决这一问题,其内容包括:多种途径减少教师的工作量;出台新的《职业初期框架》,为职业初期教师发展提供支持;提供多种职业发展路径,并实施灵活教师制;实施“发现教学”计划,创设“一站式”应用系统等解决措施。英国政府出台的一系列政策,为解决我国教师结构性短缺问题,带来一定的启示:一是改善学校的评审制度,优化问责制,减少教师的工作量;二是增加政府对薄弱学校的财政投入力度,吸引优秀教师任教;三是探索多元的教师职业发展路径,实施灵活教师制度;四是拓宽教师来源,严格教师准入,完善教师培训制度。Teacher shortages are a major issue plaguing education globally.In recent years,the UK has experienced teacher shortages due to increased pressure on teachers due to heavy workloads;difficulties in retaining new teachers at the beginning of their careers;the teaching profession s weak competitiveness in the labor market;and the complexity of the teacher application process and teacher training process.In response,in 2019,the UK government issued the Teacher Recruitment and Retention Strategy to address this issue,which includes:a variety of ways to reduce teachers workloads;the introduction of a new Early Career Framework to support the development of teachers in the early stages of their careers;the provision of a wide range of career pathways and the implementation of a flexible teacher system;the implementation of the“Discovery Teaching”The Government has introduced a series of policies that have helped to reduce the workload of teachers in the United Kingdom.The series of policies introduced by the British government bring certain inspiration for solving the problem of structural shortage of teachers in China:Firstly,improving the school accreditation system,optimizing the accountability system,and reducing the workload of teachers;Secondly,increasing the government s financial investment in weak schools,and attracting outstanding teachers;Thirdly,exploring diversified paths of professional development for teachers,and implementing a flexible teacher system;Fourthly,broadening the sources of teachers,strictly enforcing access and perfecting the teacher training system.Fourth,broaden the sources of teachers,strictly enforce teacher admission,and improve the teacher training system.

关 键 词：教师短缺 教师流失 职业发展路径 教师培训 教师准入制 

分 类 号：G53/57[文化科学—教育学]