灵芝菌渣堆肥对土壤性质及雪菜生长和品质的影响  

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Residue Compost on Soil Properties,Growth and Quality of Potherb Mustard

作　　者：冯慧敏 杨春亚 郝长红[2] 张敏 梁秀荷 魏旭 肖远业 周润嫦 李海渤[1] FENG Hui-min;YANG Chun-ya;HAO Chang-hong;ZHANG Min;LIANG Xiu-he;WEI Xu;XIAO Yuan-ye;ZHOU Run-chang;LI Hai-bo(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region,Shaoguan University Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture,National Characteristic Vegetable Industry Technology System(Huazhong Agricultural University)South China(Shaoguan)Mustard Breeding Base,Shaoguan Mustard Engineering Technology Research and Development Center,Shaoguan 512005,China;Liaoning Agricultural Technical College,Yingkou 115009,China;Renhua Danxia Mordern,Seed Industry Research Institute,Shaoguan 512323,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室/韶关学院英东生物与农业学院/国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系(华中农业大学)华南(韶关)芥菜育种基地/韶关市芥菜工程技术研究开发中心,广东韶关512005 [2]辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁营口115009 [3]仁化县丹霞现代种业研究院,广东韶关512323

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1148-1158,共11页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-A-06);2017年广东省教育厅重点平台及科研项目(2017KTSCX168);韶关市科技项目(210710114530486)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】为指导雪菜科学生产和施肥,筛选出适合雪菜生产的灵芝菌渣堆肥最佳施肥方案。【方法】试验以绿雪菜(GL)和紫雪菜(PL)作为供试作物,设置CK(化肥,当地菜地常规施肥)、T1(化肥减量3/4+灵芝菌渣堆肥用量为当地有机肥常规用量的1/2)、T2(化肥减量3/4+灵芝菌渣堆肥用量为当地有机肥常规用量)、T3(化肥减量3/4+灵芝菌渣堆肥用量为当地有机肥常规用量的2倍)四个处理,分析雪菜种植后土壤pH、机械组成、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及雪菜株高、鲜重、根冠比、叶绿素、花青素、可溶性糖、维生素C等指标的差异。【结果】T3更有利于提高土壤pH、有机质含量(T3>T2>T1>CK)、有效磷和速效钾含量(T3>T2、CK>T1),以及雪菜的鲜重(T3>CK>T2>T1)、叶绿素(T3>T2>CK>T1)、根冠比、可溶性糖和维生素C含量(T3>T2>T1>CK)。种植PL和GL后,T3处理的土壤pH、有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量比CK分别高出0.30和0.25、6.67和3.57 g kg^(-1)、4.74和4.40 mg kg^(-1)、19.62和32.53 mg kg^(-1)。而PL和GL的鲜重、根冠比、叶绿素、可溶性糖、维生素C则分别增加了2.66和5.84 g、0.02和0.04、0.12和0.20 mg g^(-1)FW、2.20%和0.80%、13.02和23.04 mg 100g^(-1)FW。【结论】T3在有效提高土壤pH、有机质和磷钾水平的同时,也能有效提高作物产量和品质,综合肥效最好。Objectivel The aims were to screen out the optimal fertilization scheme of Ganoderma lucidum fungus residue compost suitable for mustard green production,in order to guide the scientific production and fertilization of potherb mustard.[Method]The green Potherb mustard(GL)and purple leaf Potherb mustard(PL)were used as the test crops,and four treatments were set:CK(chemical fertilizer,conventional fertilization in local vegetable fields),T1(The chemical fertilizer reduction 3/4+Ganoderma lucidum residue composting amount as 1/2 of the conventional amount of local organic fertilizer),T2(The chemical fertilizer reduction 3/4+Ganoderma lucidum fungus residue composting conventional local usage)and T3(The chemical fertilizer reduction 3/4+Ganoderma lucidum fungus residue composting twice conventional local usage).Soil pH,mechanical composition,organic matter,available nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),available potassium(K),plant height,fresh weight,shoot root ratio,chloride,anthocyanin,vitamin C and soluble sugar of Potherb mustard were determined planting.[Results]T3 was more beneficial to improve soil pH,physical clay content(<0.01mm),organic matter content(T3>T2>T1>CK),available P and available K content(T3>T2,CK>T1),and the fresh weight(T3>CK>T2>T1),chlorophyll content(T3>T2>CK>T1),root shoot ratio,soluble sugar and vitamin C content(T3>T2>T1>CK)of Potherb mustard.Compared with CK,the pH,organic matter,available P and available K content of PL/GL in T3 soil increased by 0.30/0.25,6.67/3.57g kgl,4.74/4.40 mg kg^(-1) and 19.62/32.53 mg kg'respectively.While the fresh weight,root shoot ratio,chlorophyll,soluble sugar and vitamin C content of Potherb mustard increased by 2.66/5.84g,0.02/0.04,0.12/0.20 mg g"FW,2.20%/0.80%and 13.02/23.04 mg 100g-FW,respectively.[Conclusion]T3 could not only effectively improve soil pH,soil organic matter,available P and K levels,but also improve crop growth and quality indicators,with the best comprehensive fertilizer effectiveness.

关 键 词：菌渣 堆肥 雪菜 品质 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S637[农业科学—农业基础科学]