地铁列车碰撞姿态辅助保护装置的设计与优化  

Design and optimization of auxiliary protection device for subway train collision attitude

作　　者：许平[1,2] 郭维年 于洋洋 杨丽婷 姚曙光[1,2] 阳程星 胡正维 车全伟[1,3] XU Ping;GUO Weinian;YU Yangyang;YANG Liting;YAO Shuguang;YANG Chengxing;HU Zhengwei;CHE Quanwei(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [3]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第10期4171-4188,共18页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675537);湖南省科学技术领军人才项目(2019RS3018)。

摘　　要：为提高地铁列车耐撞性,降低碰撞姿态造成的二次损伤,提出一种控制列车碰撞姿态的辅助保护装置(抱轨装置)。首先,设计抱轨装置的几何结构并定义抱轨装置的力学特性,采用动力学方法建立8编组地铁列车的碰撞模型;其次,结合实验验证仿真模型的准确性,研究抱轨装置对列车碰撞姿态的影响;再次,提出3种不同的抱轨装置安装方案,对比分析得到经济且有效的方案;最后,基于EN15227:2008标准对方案进行耐撞性评估,基于多目标遗传算法对抱轨装置的设计参数进行优化。研究结果表明:当钩状抱轨装置安装在车体质心正下方时,在满足控制列车碰撞姿态的要求的前提下,可以不占用车体太大的空间,满足EN15227:2008中耐撞性考核指标,是经济且有效的方案;当距离车体质心的纵向相对位移d_(install)=10000 mm,抱轨装置静止阶段距离x_(1)=9.47 mm,抱轨装置线性阶段刚度k_(1)=5000 N/mm时,列车的车体和轮对的最大垂向抬升量最小,取到最优值,最大轮对位移抬升量d_(max)=13.87 mm,列车车体最大俯仰角θ=3.12°。To improve the crashworthiness of subway trains and reduce the secondary damage caused by the collision attitude,an auxiliary protection device(rail-holding device)was proposed to control the collision attitude of trains.Firstly,the geometric structure of the rail-holding device was designed and the mechanical properties of the rail-holding device were defined,and the collision model of an 8-group subway train was established by the kinetic method.Secondly,it was combined with experiments to verify the accuracy of the simulation model,and then the effect of the rail-holding device on the collision attitude of the train was studied.Thirdly,three different installation schemes for the rail-holding device were proposed,and the economic and effective scheme was obtained by comparative analysis.Finally,based on the EN15227:2008 standard,the scheme was evaluated for collision resistance,and the design parameters of the rail-holding device were optimized based on the multi objective genetic algorithm.The results show that when the hook-shaped rail-holding device is installed directly below the center of mass of the car body,on the premise of meeting the requirements of controlling the collision attitude of the train,it can also not take up too much space in the car body,and meets the EN15227:2008 collision resistance assessment indexes,which is an economical and effective solution.When the relative longitudinal displacement from the center of mass of the train body d_(install)=10000 mm,the distance of the stationary phase of the rail-holding device x1=9.47 mm,and the rigidity of the linear phase of the rail-holding device k_(1)=5000 N/mm,the maximum vertical lift of the train body and the wheelset is minimized,and the optimal value is obtained,and meanwhile,the maximum wheelset displacement lift d_(max)=13.87 mm,and the maximum pitch angle of the train bodyθ=3.12°.

关 键 词：地铁列车 辅助保护装置(抱轨装置) 耐撞性 垂向抬升量 俯仰角 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]