工业机器人应用可以重塑企业生存优势吗?--来自中国工业企业的证据  

Whether the Application of Industrial Roberts Can Reshape the Survival Advantages of Enterprises:Data from Chinese Industrial Enterprises

作　　者：张慧 杨永聪[1] 彭璧玉[2] ZHANG Hui;YANG Yongcong;PENG Biyu(Center for Cantonese Merchants Research,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Economics and Management,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学粤商研究中心,广东广州510006 [2]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《经济经纬》2023年第5期113-124,共12页Economic Survey

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC790183);广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2018WQNCX031);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD123)。

摘　　要：工业机器人在企业应用越来越广泛,其能否重塑企业生存优势值得探讨。基于IFR机器人数据和中国工业企业数据,检验了工业机器人应用影响企业生存的效应与机制。结果发现:工业机器人应用可以重塑企业生存优势,机器人渗透度每增加1%,企业生存概率会上升35.60%;进一步的异质性检验显示,工业机器人应用的生存促进效应在非出口企业、民营企业效果更显著,政府补贴并未增强工业机器人应用的生存促进效应。同时,工业机器人应用的生存促进效应在不同工业部门及制造业细分行业存在明显不同,该促进效应在劳动密集型行业中更为显著。此外,工业机器人应用对东部区域、高科技创新区域企业生存的促进效应更强;从作用机制来看,生产要素配置优化、生产效率提升和产出规模扩大均是工业机器人应用重塑企业生存优势的重要渠道。在数字经济时代,上述发现为下一阶段工业机器人政策的制定和落实提供了有益参考。Industrial robots are more and more widely used in enterprises.It is worth discussing whether it can reshape the survival advantages of enterprises.Based on IFR robot data and Chinese micro-firm data,this paper tests the impact and mechanism of industrial robot application.The results show that the application of industrial robots can reshape the survival advantages of enterprises.On average,every 1%increase in robot penetration increases the probability of enterprise survival by 35.60%.Further heterogeneity test indicates that the survival promotion effect of industrial robot is more significant in non-export enterprises and private enterprises,while government subsidies do not enhance this effect.At the same time,the survival promotion effect of industrial robot is significantly different in various industrial sectors and manufacturing sub-sectors,and this effect is more significant in labor-intensive industries.In addition,the application of industrial robots has a stronger effect on firm survival in the eastern region and high-innovation regions.In terms of mechanism,optimization of factor allocation,improvement of production efficiency and expansion of output scale are all important channels.In the era of digital economy,the findings provide a useful reference for the formulation and implementation of industrial robot policies in the next stage.

关 键 词：工业机器人 生存优势 生存分析 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]