氮亏缺对黑糯玉米产量和品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen deficiency on yield and quality of black waxy maize

作　　者：刘倩男 牛世铎 郭剑 李广浩 陆大雷[1] LIU Qiannan;NIU Shiduo;GUO Jian;LI Guanghao;LU Dalei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学农学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第5期119-124,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：江苏省现代农业产业技术体系[JATS(2022)497];江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021317)。

摘　　要：为了考察氮亏缺对不同类型糯玉米产量和品质的影响,以‘白糯101’‘黑糯178’‘黑甜糯188’‘闽黑糯1号’‘润扬黑甜糯’‘尚黑糯1号’‘皖黄糯601’和‘浙黑糯702’等8个黑糯玉米品种为材料,设置常规施氮肥(N 225 kg∕hm^(2),N225)和不施氮肥(N 0 kg∕hm^(2),N0)处理,分析其对玉米产量及其构成因素、SPAD值、籽粒组分和花青素等指标的影响。结果表明:N0处理导致不同品种糯玉米穗粒数、百粒重、产量显著下降,而籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和花青素含量的变化存在基因型差异。N0处理下的所有品种中,穗粒数在‘白糯101’中降幅最大,产量在‘皖黄糯601’中的降幅最大,分别为29.4%和39.4%,穗粒数和产量在‘浙黑糯702’的降幅最小,分别为6.6%和13.5%;百粒重在‘皖黄糯601’中的降幅最大(23.9%),在‘闽黑糯1号’中降幅最小(3.1%)。N0处理下,籽粒蛋白含量在‘白糯101’‘闽黑糯1号’和‘尚黑糯1号’中显著降低;淀粉含量在‘黑糯178’和‘闽黑糯1号’中显著下降,在‘尚黑糯1号’和‘皖黄糯601’中显著提高;花青素含量在‘黑糯178’‘黑甜糯188’‘尚黑糯1号’中显著减少。与白糯和黄糯玉米相比,黑糯玉米籽粒中具有较高含油量、花青素含量。综合分析发现,氮亏缺环境下‘浙黑糯702’的整体表现最优,该结果可为江苏糯玉米高产高效生产提供重要参考。To investigate the effects of nitrogen deficiency on the yield and quality of different types of waxy maize,eight black waxy maize hybrids were used as materials,namely‘Bainuo 101’‘Heinuo 178’‘Heitianuo 188’‘Minheinuo 1’‘Runyang Heitiannuo’‘Shangheinuo 1’‘Wanhuangnuo 601’and‘Zheheinuo 702’.Set two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer treatments:conventional nitrogen fertilizer(N 225 kg∕hm^(2),N225)and no nitrogen fertilizer(N 0 kg∕hm^(2),N0),to analyze the impact on yield and its components,SPAD value,grain component and anthocyanin contents.The results showed that the number of grains per spike,100-grain weight and yield of different waxy maize varieties were decreased under N0 treatment,but there were genotypic differences in the changes of starch,protein,and anthocyanin contents.Among all varieties treated with N0,the number of grains per spike decreased the most in‘Bainuo 101’and yield decreased the most in‘Wanhuangnuo 601’,which was 29.4%and 39.4%,respectively.Grains per spike and yield decreased the smallest in‘Zheheinuo 702’,which were 6.6%and 13.5%,respectively.The 100-grain weight of‘Wanhuangnuo 601’decreased the most(23.9%),while the‘Minheinuo 1’(3.1%)decreased the least.The protein content in‘Bainuo 101’‘Minheinuo 1’and‘Shangheinuo 1’decreased significantly under N0 treatment.The starch content reduced significantly in‘Heinuo178’and‘Minheinuo 1’,but increased significantly in‘Shangheinuo 1’and‘Wanhuangnuo 601’under N0 treatment.The anthocyanin content in‘Heinuo 178’‘Heitiannuo 188’and‘Shangheinuo 1’decreased significantly under the N0 treatment.Compared with white waxy maize and yellow waxy maize,black waxy maize had higher oil and anthocyanin contents.Comprehensive analysis showed that‘Zheheinuo 702’had the best overall performance under nitrogen deficiency condition.This study can provide an important reference for high-yield and efficient production of waxy maize in Jiangsu Province.

关 键 词：糯玉米 氮亏缺 产量 品质 花青素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]