基于NGSIM数据的高速公路客货混合车流改进跟驰模型  

An Improved Car-following Model for Mixed Passenger and Freight Traffic on Expressway Based on NGSIM Data

作　　者：高云峰[1] 赵雪 沈阳 罗昊涵 GAO Yun-feng;ZHAO Xue;SHEN Yang;LUO Hao-han(School of Transport&Communications,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Pudong Planning&Architecture Design Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200125,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学交通运输学院,上海201306 [2]上海市浦东新区规划建筑设计有限公司,上海200125

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第9期187-196,共10页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71971136)。

摘　　要：为了给货车比例较高的疏港高速公路上的车辆跟驰行为研究提供基础和借鉴,本研究通过改进现有模型来研究高速公路客货混合车流中车辆的跟驰行为。考虑到货车驾驶人对于车头间距的变化比较敏感,对FVD模型进行改进,将车头间距作为直接作用项,建立了改进跟驰模型。基于NGSIM数据标定改进跟驰模型,并对改进的跟驰模型进行了不同的仿真对比试验。在微观跟驰特性分析中,将实际数据拟合的速度-车头间距关系与改进模型仿真输出的曲线进行对比分析,验证了改进模型刻画混合车流中货车跟驰行为的精确性;在宏观交通流特性分析中,将改进模型仿真出的速度-密度与流量-密度特征与实际交通流做对比,验证了改进模型对提升道路通行能力和拥堵流平均速度的影响。同时,为研究改进模型的干扰恢复能力,对敏感性进行了仿真分析。结果表明:改进跟驰模型的稳定性表现更好,能很好地模拟车队的扰动“消化”过程;改进跟驰模型的仿真结果与实际数据的微观统计特征的吻合程度较高,与实际数据的宏观拟合结果的变化趋势一致;车头间距直接作用项的敏感系数越大,车队受扰动后的恢复至稳态的时间越短。该改进跟驰模型可为分析疏港高速公路的运行特征提供理论依据。In order to provide the basis and reference for the study of car-following behavior on port logistics expressway with a high proportion of freight vehicles,the existing model to study the car-following behavior in the mixed passenger-freight traffic on the expressway is improved.Considering that truck drivers are more sensitive to the change of the front distance,the FVD model is improved,and the front distance is taken as a direct effect term to establish an improved car-following model.The improved car-following model is calibrated based on NGSIM data,and different simulation experiments are carried out on the improved carfollowing model.In the micro-car-following characteristic analysis,the velocity-headstock distance relation fitted by the actual data is compared with the curve of the simulated output of the improved model,in the analysis of macroscopic traffic flow characteristics,the velocity-density and flow-density characteristics simulated by the improved model are compared with the actual traffic flow,the effects of the improved model on the road capacity and the average speed of traffic flow are verified.At the same time,in order to study the disturbance recovery ability of the improved model,the sensitivity of the third item is simulated and analyzed.The result shows that(1)the improved car-following model has better stability performance and can simulate the disturbance digestion process of vehicle fleet well;(2)the simulation results of the improved carfollowing model are in good agreement with the micro-statistical characteristics of the actual data,which is consistent with the change trend of the macro-fitting results of the actual data,the shorter the time it takes for the fleet to return to steady state after disturbance;(3)the improved car-following model can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the operational characteristics of port logistics expressway.

关 键 词：交通工程 跟驰模型 FVD模型 客货混合车流 车头间距 

分 类 号：U491.112[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]