优秀青少年运动员有氧运动能力项群特点  

Event-group-characteristics of Aerobic Capacity in Elite Adolescent Athletes

作　　者：朱镕鑫 司文翰 蔡广[1] 尹晓峰[1] 冯煜 ZHU Rongxin;SI Wenhan;CAI Guang;YIN Xiaofeng;FENG Yu(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science&Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency,Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Competitive Sports Training and Management Center,Shanghai 202162,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海200030 [2]上海市竞技体育训练管理中心,上海202162

出　　处：《体育科研》2023年第6期44-49,共6页Sport Science Research

基　　金：上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(22dz1205100)。

摘　　要：目的:通过分析上海地区不同项群优秀青少年有氧能力,寻找不同项群有氧能力特点。方法:选择上海市2003—2014年一线、二线运动员测试数据库,从中筛选88名16岁以上男性,年龄为(17.5±1.2)岁,103名15岁以上女性,年龄为(16.4±1.1)岁,均为国家二级以上运动员,对其最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值进行统计分析,使用单因素方差分析以及Z分值等方法比较不同性别各项群间有氧运动能力特点。结果:耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值显著高于隔网对抗(P<0.05)与格斗对抗(P<0.01)。男性各项群间最大摄氧量相对值无显著差异;女性耐力项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于同场对抗(P<0.01)、隔网对抗(P<0.01)与格斗对抗(P<0.01);女性同场对抗项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于格斗对抗(P<0.05)。结论:耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值高于其他项群;体能主导类项群最大摄氧量相对值高于技能主导类项群;同场对抗项群最大摄氧量绝对值优于相对值,其余项群最大摄氧量相对值和绝对值同步。为科学训练提供有力数据支持,教练员可以结合项群有氧运动能力特点,判断运动员的有氧工作能力水平,从而针对性地制定训练计划,提高整体竞技水平。Objective:This study intends to find the aerobic capacity characteristics of different sport groups by reviewing the aerobic capacity test data of Elite youths in Shanghai.Methods:The database of first-and second-tier athletes tested in Shanghai from 2003-2014 was selected,from which the absolute and relative values of maximal oxygen uptake of national second-tier athletes above 16 years old(n=88,age 17.5±1.2)for males and above 15 years old(n=103,age 16.4±1.1)for females were selected for statistical analysis.One-way ANOVA and Z-scores were used to determine the characteristics of aerobic capacity between the sports in different gender.Results:The absolute values of VO_(2max)in the endurance group(male:4.22±0.70 L/min;female:3.33±0.55 L/min L/min)were significantly higher than those in the net events(male:3.48±0.48 L/min,P=0.002;female:2.74±0.31 L/min,P=0.035)and the combat events(male:3.38±0.49 L/min,P=0.001;female:2.72±0.43 L/min,P=0.007).No significant differences in the relative values of VO_(2max)among the male groups.The relative values of VO_(2max)in the female endurance events(56.99±9.51 mL/kg/min)were significantly higher than those in the same-field confrontation group(48.16±7.22 mL/kg/min,P=0.004),the net events(43.92±5.64 mL/kg/min,P=0.000),and the combat events(43.33±4.94 mL/kg/min,P=0.000).The relative values of VO_(2max)were significantly higher in the female same-field confrontation item group than in the combat events(P=0.0.028).Conclusion:The absolute values of VO_(2max)of endurance events are higher than those of other events.The relative values of VO_(2max)were higher in the fitness-dominated group than in the skill-dominated group.Absolute values of VO_(2max)in the same-field confrontation events are better than relative values,the relative and absolute values of VO_(2max)in the remaining events are synchronized.This study provides data can be used for research and training,coaches can use characteristics of VO_(2max)in different groups to determine the athletes'aerobic work capa

关 键 词：青少年 有氧能力 项群 最大摄氧量 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]