喷施谷氨酸钠对茶叶γ-氨基丁酸含量及品质成分的影响  

Effects of Sodium Glutamate Spraying on Quality Components and the Content ofγ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tea

作　　者：黄涛 郜秋艳 李美凤 彭叶 杨云 刘建军 HUANG Tao;GAO Qiuyan;LI Meifeng;PENG Ye;YANG Yun;LIU Jianjun(College of Tea Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Wuyi Technology Service Station of Tea Science,Wuyi 321200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]武义县茶叶技术服务站,浙江武义321200

出　　处：《食品科技》2023年第9期65-73,共9页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060701);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]085)。

摘　　要：以夏秋茶黄金芽一芽二、三叶鲜叶为材料,在摊青阶段中喷施不同浓度谷氨酸钠(Sodium glutamate,MSG)处理后加工成绿茶样,探究喷施MSG对茶叶γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量及品质成分的影响。结果表明,喷施MSG对茶叶富集GABA的作用显著,为对照样的5.1~14.6倍,以8%MSG喷施样GABA含量为最高(2.91 mg/g),8%MSG喷施样的茶多酚含量最低、氨基酸含量最高。MSG喷施样的咖啡碱含量、总黄酮含量、酚氨比、水浸出物含量、没食子酸含量、儿茶素总量、儿茶素苦涩味指数、酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值总体上低于对照样;游离氨基酸总量显著高于对照样,对照样和MSG喷施样都以鲜味类氨基酸为主,其中,对照样以酸味类氨基酸为最低,MSG喷施样以苦味类氨基酸为最低,MSG喷施样的芳香味类氨基酸占比显著低于对照样,含量较对照样无显著差异。随着喷施MSG浓度增大,MSG喷施样较对照样表现出香气低沉及滋味带MSG味道的感官缺点。喷施8%MSG黄金芽绿茶富集GABA的效果最优,同时综合品质较好。Summer and autumn tea fresh leaves with golden buds,one bud,two leaves or three are used as materials,during the spreading stage,it is sprayed with different concentrations of sodium glutamate(MSG)and processed into green tea samples,to explore the effect of sprayed MSG on theγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)content and quality components of tea.The results indicate that,sprayed MSG has a significant effect on GABA enrichment in tea,the ratio is 5.1–14.6 times that of normal,the highest GABA content was found in 8%MSG spray sample(2.91 mg/g),the contents of polyphenols and amino acids were the lowest and highest in 8%MSG spray.The contents of caffeine,total flavonoid content,phenol-ammonia ratio,water extract content,gallic acid content,total catechin,catechin astringency index,ester catechin to non-ester catechin ratio in the spray sample were generally lower than those in the control sample,the total amount of free amino acids was significantly higher than that in the control sample,both the control sample and MSG spray sample are mainly composed of fresh amino acids,the proportion of aromatic amino acids in the MSG spray sample was significantly lower than that of the control sample,and the content showed no significant difference compared to the control sample.With the increase of the concentration of MSG sprayed,the MSG sprayed sample showed the sensory defects of low aroma and taste of MSG.The concentration of GABA in golden bud green tea with 8%MSG was the best,and the comprehensive quality was better.

关 键 词：谷氨酸钠 黄金芽 喷施 Γ-氨基丁酸 品质成分 

分 类 号：TS272.2[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]